We have a new podcast available to members, in which our very own Dave Lynn interviews special guests about the latest developments in securities laws & corporate governance. Two episodes are already available for your holiday entertainment!
In this 26-minute episode, Dave talks with Karen Garnett – currently a partner at Proskauer and formerly an Associate Director of Corp Fin – about disclosure effectiveness & Reg S-K. Topics include:
– The SEC’s “Disclosure Effectiveness” initiative – why was it so successful?
– Considering changes to the description of business requirement
– Human capital disclosure – what should companies do now?
– Tackling the amended risk factor disclosure requirements
– Is the Disclosure Effectiveness initiative done?
And in this 14-minute episode, Dave talks with Jay Knight – currently a partner at Bass, Berry & Sims and previously Special Counsel in Corp Fin – about Staff comments on COVID-19 disclosures. Topics include:
– Has the SEC Staff been commenting on disclosures about COVID-19 in public filings?
– What areas of comment has the Staff raised regarding COVID-19?
– What approach has the Staff taken with respect to non-GAAP financial measures in the COVID-19 era?
– Do you think the Staff will focus on COVID-19 disclosures when it reviews 10-Ks filed in 2021?
– Are there lessons to take away from the Staff’s comments as we prepare disclosures for the upcoming reporting season?
SEC & Edgar Closed Next Thursday & Friday
This executive order announces that all federal agencies – including the SEC – will be closed this upcoming Thursday for Christmas Eve (Christmas Day was already designated as a federal holiday, so the SEC and Edgar are closed that day too).
The SEC announced that, just like the past couple of years, this means Edgar will be closed on both the 24th and 25th. No filings will be accepted on those days, Edgar filing websites won’t be operational, Edgar Filer Support will be closed, and you’ll have until Monday, December 28th to make filings that would have been due on Thursday or Friday. The announcement also says that both of those days will also be treated as federal holidays for filing purposes.
Transcript: “Pay Equity – What Compensation Committees Need to Know”
We’ve posted the transcript for our recent CompensationStandards.com webcast, “Pay Equity: What Compensation Committees Need to Know.” Mintz’s Anne Bruno, BlackRock’s Tanya Levy-Odom, Equity Methods’ Josh Schaeffer, and Impax Asset Management’s Heather Smith shared their insights on these topics:
1. Why Pay Equity Is in The Spotlight
2. Differences Between “Pay Equity,” “Pay Gap” & “Pay Ratio”
3. Shareholder Expectations
4. Disclosure Trends: Pay Gaps & Pay Equity
5. How to Collect & Interpret Data
6. Remediation Strategies
7. Mechanics of Board & Committee Oversight
8. Preparing for Shareholder Engagements & Proposals
At an open meeting yesterday, the SEC adopted final rules that will require public “resource extraction” issuers to disclose payments made to the US federal government or foreign governments, if the company engages in the commercial development of oil, natural gas, or minerals. After some drama in which Congress disapproved the SEC’s 2016 rulemaking on this topic, the current iteration is based on a 2019 proposal and implements Section 13(q) of Exchange Act, which was added by Dodd-Frank a decade ago. All of the SEC Commissioners, including Chair Jay Clayton, released their own statements about the final rules.
Although the final rules will be effective 60 days after publication in the Federal Register, there’s a two-year transition period before companies will be required to submit a Form SD with this info. And unlike the “conflict minerals” Form SD that is due by May 31st of each year for all companies, this one will be due within 270 days of each company’s fiscal year end. So for calendar-year companies, the first report will likely be due at the end of September 2024. The SEC also issued this order to recognize that a company that meets resource extraction payment disclosure requirements in the EU, UK, Norway or Canada would satisfy the Section 13(q) “alternative reporting” requirements.
– Require public disclosure of company-specific, project-level payment information;
– Define the term “project” to require disclosure at the national and major subnational political jurisdiction, as opposed to the contract, level, recognizing that more granular contract-level disclosure could be used to satisfy the rule;
– Add two new conditional exemptions for situations in which a foreign law or a pre-existing contract prohibits the required disclosure;
– Add a conditional exemption for smaller reporting companies and emerging growth companies;
– Define “control” to exclude entities or operations in which an issuer has a proportionate interest;
– Limit the liability for the required disclosure by deeming the payment information to be furnished to, but not filed with, the Commission;
– Add relief for issuers that have recently completed their US IPOs; and
– Extend the deadline for furnishing the payment disclosures.
Cyber Insurance: Claims Starting to Show “Covid-19” Impact
Over the past 5 years, companies’ average cost of cyber crime has increased 72% – to $13 million – and the average number of security breaches has increased by 67%. That’s according to this 14-page summary of cyber trends from Allianz – which, not surprisingly, explains that the work-from-home environment is heightening cyber risks. It also says hackers are selling high-end malware and tools to other attackers – so companies need to be on alert for sophisticated schemes.
That advice was underscored earlier this week when news broke about a cyberattack at SolarWinds and FireEye. This CNBC article says that SolarWinds’ stock dropped 23% after the hack was announced – not a position in which any company wishes to find itself – and a few people are also now questioning recent stock sales by some large investors of that company.
Our friend Melissa Krasnow of VLP Law Group noted that the incident highlights the need to double down on vendor management processes & agreements for privacy and data security provisions, to make sure that incident response plans and business continuity plans are in place and up-to-date, and to keep using tabletop exercises to spot weaknesses and craft responses.
Here’s more detail from the Allianz report:
Through 2020, malware and ransomware incidents have already increased by more than a third, at the same time as a 50%+ increase in phishing, scams, and fraud, according to international police body, INTERPOL. The rush to adopt new cloud systems and remote access solutions, has also driven up the number of data breaches. Over a four-month period, some 907,000 spam messages, 737 incidents related to malware and 48,000 malicious URLs – all of them in relation to coronavirus– were detected by one of INTERPOL’s private sector partners.
Business email compromise schemes (see page 7) are likely to increase further with the shift in the business landscape to remote working and the economic downturn, along with damage costs from phishing scams, ransomware attacks and insecure remote access to networks. Coronavirus-themed online scams and phishing campaigns which aim to take advantage of public concern about the pandemic are unlikely to dissipate anytime soon.
The pandemic will also have a long-term impact as companies increasingly digitalize, work remotely and rely more on online sales in response, meaning cyber risks will evolve in different shapes and forms.
Farewell to Paul Sarbanes
Paul Sarbanes, the 5-term U.S. Senator from Maryland who co-wrote the Sarbanes-Oxley statute, passed away last week at the age of 87. John, Broc and I reminisced about the landmark law a few years ago on the 15th anniversary. Here’s an excerpt from Mr. Sarbanes’ NYT obituary:
While other members of Congress pursued the Enron scandal with splashy televised hearings and spirited denunciations, Mr. Sarbanes approached it by holding 10 thorough hearings to get widespread expert advice on what corrective legislation should include.
Initially opposed by many Republicans and by the powerful lobbying of the accounting industry, the measure eventually passed 97 to 0 in the Senate after another accounting failure, at WorldCom, had sent the stock market plunging.
Mr. Sarbanes saw his career as having “bookends,” as he put it in an interview for this obituary in 2013: It began in 1974 with his role in the impeachment proceedings against President Richard M. Nixon and closed with the accounting law.
As we move closer to the finish line for 2020, our faithful correspondent Nina Flax of Mayer Brown is back with an uplifting “list” to focus on some of the positives she’s experienced (here’s our last list from Nina):
It has been a while since I have written a list. I have, as I am sure many of you have, struggled with COVID and WFH. Every day, there is something new, ridiculous, sad, frustrating, amazing to add to the items that elicit an “it’s 2020!” response. Despite having been stuck on I-80 with my son in the car exactly when the LNU Lightning Complex jumped the highway and shut down traffic (perhaps the subject of a future list), I am extremely grateful today that I have literally and figuratively found my way through the impending wall of smoke to find these things:
1. Dinner with my son. My son eats dinner at 5pm, if even that late some days. I cannot explain it other than that is when he is hungry, so that is when he eats because we prefer him to not be hangry. Before WFH, I very rarely made it home in time to actually eat dinner together. I have made it a point to try to do that almost every day – force myself to take the 30 minute break to have that time. Sometimes we talk about high/lows, sometimes we go around saying something we are grateful for, sometimes we take turns doing mad-lib style storytelling, mostly we just sit down and laugh about something. I have never been happier. (Except for one day I remember before child where I never got out of bed and slept for about 12 hours in between watching TV?)
2. More movement. Before WFH, my close colleague and I would take breaks from sitting at our desks and walk in circles around our office building to talk through legal issues – conceptual or drafting – it really helped. With WFH, air permitting, you will frequently find me walking up and down my driveway while on calls. Moving helps me focus. Moving helps me process. Moving helps me be creative – professionally and personally.
3. Appreciativeness. Not grand gratefulness in a trendy mindfulness way. Being away from people has made me appreciate people more. And miss them. Before, I would go out of my way to write a holiday time card to each colleague that I had worked with or collaborated with over the year that I valued. Very personalized, very intentional. Now, I go out of my way to say thank you for the small things. Thank you for responding so quickly. Thank you for taking my call. Thank you for the follow up. Thank you for taking the lead. Thank you for your collaboration. This of course also applies to my personal life. Thank you for always being there for me. Thank you for taking the time to answer my questions. Thank you for going to the grocery store. Thank you for getting the ridiculously howling dog to stop howling. Thank you for organizing this friends call. Thank you for passing along this interesting article. Thank you for the book suggestion. Thank you for checking in on my parents. Thank you for scheduling this outside, socially distanced playdate. Thank you for being you.
4. Knitting and Other Old Loves. This is more of a re-found. I picked up knitting in law school, but for whatever reason I stopped knitting before I met my husband. In the COVID-induced cleaning and house reorganizing, I re-discovered my needles. Then I found a great store, took my son and he picked out three colors. Side note: It was an amazing moment of pride that he picked colors that completely epitomize South Florida – citrus (bright yellow), tangerine (bright orange) and electric (a bright aqua). Second side note: I love the way that people name colors. My husband and I used to play a game where I would try to guess the name of a color (and often came pretty close). Back to the knitting point, my son now has a fantastic hat and matching cowl (if I do say so myself, but really, others have said so too). I am working on matching mittens and looking forward to giving knitted gifts to many in the coming months. For other old loves, I have picked up drawing and painting again in a way that I have not enjoyed since I first went to college intending to major in art and minor in chemistry (no, I have no idea what I was thinking back then; yes, I do know how I ended up here).
5. New Curiosities. There are many reasons that through this year I have felt more drawn to nature. I have been making fun informational cards about leaves, shells, flies and bees for my son. I have a list of nature books (of course, as an Amazon list) that I want to read. I have a nature journal. I have a stack of articles and studies from an amazingly supportive friend who has always been intensely focused on sustainability. I watched My Octopus Teacher as soon as I could and cried. I am feeling inspired.
I think I will pull that last sentence down to here – I am feeling inspired. In the face of all of the negative from 2020, my inspiration enables me to laugh that it snowed chocolate in Olten, to hug my husband, son and dogs enough to make up for all of the other hugs I am missing out on (I am a hugger), to deal with frustrations in different ways, to drive initiatives I feel strongly about, to focus on kindness and caring, to not compromise on expectations, to accept whatever may happen, to know that I can make a change, to know that I will survive. Maybe resiliency that I read so much about in the context of children is really about inspiration?
**End note: I promise that this time has not been all positive for me. There have been very hard negatives. Without those, I would not be here now. I am sure I will face negatives in the future. I am hoping this time helps me meet those challenges more adeptly, with stronger mental health. I hope the same for all of you.
Enforcement Director Stephanie Avakian to Leave SEC
Last week, the SEC announced that Enforcement Director Stephanie Avakian will depart from the Commission by the end of the year. Stephanie began her career at the SEC and began her latest tour in 2014. She’s led the Enforcement Division over the last four years as Co-Director and then Director. Deputy Director Marc P. Berger will serve as Acting Director upon her departure. The SEC’s press release includes a long list of the Enforcement Division’s accomplishments under Stephanie’s leadership – and here’s a statement from Commissioner Elad Roisman.
Last month, I blogged that former SEC Chief Accountant Wes Bricker is working on an initiative at PwC that would translate sustainability reporting standards into an XBRL taxonomy. He isn’t the only one who sees promise in that coupling. In recent remarks, SEC Commissioner Allison Herren Lee – who has made it clear she wants to work on standardized ESG disclosure – said she might also support expanding XBRL to ESG reporting and other non-financial data. Here’s an excerpt (also see this blog from shareholder proponent Jim McRitchie pronouncing his opinion that N-PX data tagging would be the most important SEC rulemaking for advancing corporate sustainability):
What kind of data are we talking about here? The most basic information that an investor might want: how their money is being voted in corporate elections, and whether their shares are being voted in their best interest or in accordance with their instructions. We could bring much greater clarity and transparency to investors regarding how their voting rights are being exercised with the simple expedient of finalizing this rule and adding a requirement, as discussed in the proposal, to tag the Form N-PX voting data.
N-PX filings are voluminous in nature but would likely require relatively few, straightforward data tags. Thus we could potentially take a large body of important information and dramatically increase its usability through a relatively simple taxonomy.
Another area that could benefit from structured data to support usability and comparability is in the area of climate change and other ESG risks and impacts. As you all know, climate and other ESG-related metrics are of ever-increasing importance to investors, surpassing even traditional financial statement metrics for many. Of course, there are currently little to no standardized climate or ESG disclosure requirements. Indeed much of that disclosure occurs voluntarily and outside of SEC filings altogether. As I have said elsewhere, developing standardized climate and ESG disclosure requirements should be a top priority for the Commission. As we consider this, we should also consider how to make the data disclosed under such requirements as usable as possible, including through tagging requirements.
Much of our structuring requirements so far have been backward looking – requiring us to consider how to structure information that is currently disclosed in a non-structured manner. As we consider new climate and other ESG requirements, we would have the opportunity to simultaneously consider how to make those requirements amenable to structuring. Instead of an ex post facto application of structuring requirements, the two could develop in tandem.
Finally, I’ll just mention briefly, MD&A and earnings releases. As commenters including XBRL have pointed out,[18] disclosures under MD&A may benefit from some simple block tagging that could greatly enhance comparability of certain relatively consistent types of information disclosed in MD&A. And earnings releases, particularly given their often market-moving nature, appear to be another well-suited candidate for tagging.
ESG CAMs: Coming Soon to an Audit Report Near You?
I blogged a little while back ago about the PCAOB’s analysis of the “critical audit matter” disclosure requirement. Although most CAMs related to goodwill, revenue recognition, other intangibles and business combinations, there have been 3 so far – all for foreign private issuers – that cover the impact of climate change on financial statements. In this recent speech, PCAOB Board member Robert Brown predicts that there will be more to come. Here’s an excerpt:
In one report on Form 20-F, the auditor discussed management’s estimates that were inconsistent with the 2050 “net zero” commitment.” The auditor also observed that deprecating the assets in line with net zero targets would result in additional reductions to net income that were not reflected in the financial statements. The report also discussed how the auditor challenged management’s assertion that carbon-emitting equipment could be used in alternative ways after a net-zero target date that supported management’s estimate of operation until 2070.
Another audit report discussed how climate change and the global energy transition impacted the capitalization of exploration and appraisal costs. The auditor also focused procedures on the risk that oil and gas price assumptions could lead to material misstatements of the financial statements. Another audit report described the effect that long-term price assumptions incorporating the potential impact of climate change could have on asset values and impairment estimates.
Considering the increasing frequency that environmental trends, events, and uncertainties, including the lower commodity prices and margins resulting from a COVID-19 economic environment, can affect material accounts or disclosures in a public company’s financial statements, I expected to see more auditor reports describing them in the future.
”Shares Outstanding” XBRL Tags: Watch Those Zeros!
The SEC recently announced that DERA Staff has observed that some periodic reports show significant differences between the number of “Entity Common Stock Shares Outstanding” that’s XBRL-tagged on the filing cover page and the number of “Common Stock Shares Outstanding” that’s XBRL-tagged on the balance sheet. While there could be some differences due to the cover page number being as of “the latest practicable date” and the balance sheet being as of quarter-end, some filers have been disclosing three additional zeros in one value compared to the other – without any explanation in the filing about a significant change to capital structure. Make sure to check your scaling before you submit your filing!
It’s official: companies conducting Rule 506 offerings in New York need to file a completed Form D through the NASAA Electronic Filing Depository in order to notify the state. That’s according to guidance issued earlier this month by the New York Attorney General – which brings NY in line with other states with respect to these notice filings and also says that no Form 99’s or Form 99 renewals will be accepted after February 1st. Also see this Mintz memo and these revised regulations for broker-dealers.
This is big news for anyone doing private placements in New York. For years, practitioners have relied on the New York State Bar Association’s interpretive opinion that said the provisions of the Martin Act requiring a Form 99 filing were preempted by NSMIA, and that no New York filing was required. The biggest practical takeaway from this new guidance is that if you’ve been doing that, you need to stop. The guidance also specifies that the Form D must be complete – including by listing all related persons and all persons receiving or expected to receive sales compensation.
House Passes “Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act”
Members of Congress have found something to agree on: regulating China-based companies. The House has passed the “Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act” – which would amend the Sarbanes-Oxley Act to prohibit listing on US exchanges of foreign companies for which the PCAOB has been unable to inspect audit work papers. The Senate previously approved this legislation – and the President is expected to sign the bill into law. This is separate from the SEC proposal on the same topic that is expected before year-end.
Under the bill, the SEC would be required to identify companies that have registered public accounting firms that are located in foreign jurisdictions and for which the PCAOB is unable to inspect work papers. If the Commission determines that a company has 3 consecutive non-inspection years, it must prohibit the securities from being traded on a national securities exchange or over-the-counter. Companies must also submit documentation to show they aren’t owned or controlled by a governmental entity and disclose information about relationships to the Chinese Communist Party.
This CNBC article notes that Americans might miss out on some pretty significant investment opportunities if this law comes to fruition – and that foreign countries like China might welcome the chance to build up their own exchanges. One of the bill’s Senate sponsors even notes in this press release that 224 U.S.-listed companies are located in countries where there are obstacles to PCAOB inspections, and these companies have a combined market capitalization of more than $1.8 trillion. Maybe that’s why the bill gives a three-year lead-time for compliance and opportunities for correction and relisting. In addition, the co-audit solution that is expected to be included in the SEC’s proposal might help the Commission find a way to balance investor protection with investment opportunities.
Bob Stebbins to Depart From SEC’s “OGC”
Last week, the SEC announced that Bob Stebbins will depart from the SEC in early January – after serving over three and a half years as the Commission’s General Counsel. The SEC’s Office of the General Counsel has a wide range of responsibilities – so Bob played a role in all of the rulemaking, enforcement and other activities that we cover in this blog. The press release says he advised on more than 85 rules, hundreds of interpretive releases and 2750 enforcement actions! He also advised on CARES Act implementation for the Treasury Department. SEC Chair Jay Clayton issued this statement to commend Bob on his service.
Yesterday, the SEC continued its active year by announcing proposed changes to Form S-8 and Rule 701. The amendments suggested by the 156-page proposing release are responsive to comments that the Commission received on its 2018 concept release. Here are the highlights from the SEC’s Fact Sheet (we’ll be posting memos in our “Form S-8” and “Rule 701” Practice Areas):
With respect to Rule 701, the proposed amendments would:
• Revise the additional disclosure requirements for Rule 701 exempt transactions exceeding $10 million;
• Revise the time at which such disclosure is required to be delivered for derivative securities that do not involve a decision by the recipient to exercise or convert in specified circumstances where such derivative securities are granted to new hires;
• Raise two of the three alternative regulatory ceilings that cap the overall amount of securities that a non-reporting issuer may sell pursuant to the exemption during any consecutive 12-month period; and
• Make the exemption available for offers and sales of securities under a written compensatory benefit plan established by the issuer’s subsidiaries, whether or not majority-owned.
With respect to Form S-8, the proposed amendments would:
• Implement improvements and clarifications to simplify registration on the form, including:
o Clarifying the ability to add multiple plans to a single Form S-8;
o Clarifying the ability to allocate securities among multiple incentive plans on a single Form S-8; and
o Permitting the addition of securities or classes of securities by automatically effective post-effective amendment.
• Implement improvements to simplify share counting and fee payments on the form, including:
o Requiring the registration of an aggregate offering amount of securities for defined contribution plans;
o Implementing a new fee payment method for registration of offers and sales pursuant to defined contribution plans; and
o Conforming Form S-8 instructions with current IRS plan review practices.
• Revise Item 1(f) of Form S-8 to eliminate the requirement to describe the tax effects of plan participation on the issuer.
With respect to both Rule 701 and Form S-8, the proposals would:
• Extend consultant and advisor eligibility to entities meeting specified ownership criteria designed to link the securities to the performance of services; and
• Expand eligibility for former employees to specified post-termination grants and former employees of acquired entities.
There’s More! SEC Proposes Temporary Expansion of Compensatory Offerings to Gig Workers
The SEC saved the more interesting – and controversial – part of its “compensatory offering” modernization for an entirely separate proposal – which would, for a temporary five-year period and subject to a number of conditions, permit companies to provide equity compensation to gig workers who provide services (not goods) to the company (or as the SEC calls them, “platform workers”). Commissioners Hester Peirce & Elad Roisman issued a statement in support of the proposal. Commissioners Allison Herren Lee & Caroline Crenshaw dissented – and they were careful to point out that they did support the other proposal.
Under the amendments, an issuer would be able to use the Rule 701 exemption to offer and sell its securities on a compensatory basis to platform workers who, pursuant to a written contract or agreement, provide bona fide services by means of an internet-based platform or other widespread, technology-based marketplace platform or system provided by the issuer if:
• the issuer operates and controls the platform;
• the issuance of securities to participating platform workers is pursuant to a compensatory arrangement, as evidenced by a written compensation plan, contract, or agreement;
• no more than 15% of the value of compensation received by a participating worker from the issuer for services provided by means of the platform during a 12-month period, and no more than $75,000 of such compensation received from the issuer during a 36-month period, shall consist of securities, with such value determined at the time the securities are granted;
• the amount and terms of any securities issued to a platform worker may not be subject to individual bargaining or the worker’s ability to elect between payment in securities or cash; and
• the issuer must take reasonable steps to prohibit the transfer of the securities issued to a platform worker pursuant to this exemption, other than a transfer to the issuer or by operation of law.
The proposed amendments would also permit an Exchange Act reporting company to make registered securities offerings to its platform workers using Form S-8. The same conditions proposed for Rule 701 issuances would apply to issuances to platform workers on Form S-8, except for the proposed transferability restriction.
The proposed amendments would not permit the issuance of securities for platform worker activities relating to the sale or transfer of permanent ownership of discrete, tangible goods. Depending on the results of the initial expanded use of Rule 701 and Form S-8, if adopted, the Commission could consider expanding eligibility to other activities, such as selling goods or other non-service providing activities in the future.
The proposed amendments would require companies that sell securities to gig workers to furnish information to the SEC at 6-month intervals, to help the Commission decide whether the rule changes should expire, be extended or be made permanent.
Both proposals will be subject to a 60-day comment period following their publication in the Federal Register. Time will tell whether the next SEC Chair will carry either of these proposals across the finish line.
Glass Lewis ’21 Voting Guidelines: Diversity and E&S Phase-Ins
Also yesterday, Glass Lewis announced the publication of its 2021 Voting Guidelines. The biggest changes are that Glass Lewis is expanding its board gender diversity policy to vote against nominating chairs if there are fewer than two female directors, beginning in 2022 (they already recommend against the nominating chairs of all-male boards) – and they’re phasing in additional scrutiny of the descriptions of board-level E&S oversight.
As always, the first few pages of the Guidelines summarize the policy changes. Here’s a few highlights:
– Board Gender Diversity: Beginning in 2021, we will note as a concern boards consisting of fewer than two female directors. Our voting recommendations in 2021 will be based on our current requirement of at least one female board member; but, beginning with shareholder meetings held after January 1, 2022, we will generally recommend voting against the nominating committee chair of a board with fewer than two female directors. For boards with six or fewer total members, our existing voting policy requiring a minimum of one female director will remain in place.
– Disclosure of Director Diversity & Skills: Beginning with the 2021 proxy season, our reports for companies in the S&P 500 index will include an assessment of company disclosure in the proxy statement relating to board diversity, skills and the director nomination process.
– Board Refreshment: Beginning in 2021, we will note as a potential concern instances where the average tenure of non-executive directors is 10 years or more and no new independent directors have joined the board in the past five years. We will not be making voting recommendations solely on this basis in 2021; however, insufficient board refreshment may be a contributing factor in our recommendations when additional board-related concerns have been identified.
– E&S Oversight: Beginning in 2021, Glass Lewis will note as a concern when boards of companies in the S&P 500 index do not provide clear disclosure concerning the board-level oversight afforded to environmental and/or social issues. Beginning with shareholder meetings held after January 1, 2022, we will generally recommend voting against the governance chair of a company in the aforementioned index who fails to provide explicit disclosure concerning the board’s role in overseeing these issues. While we believe that it is important that these issues are overseen at the board level and that shareholders are afforded meaningful disclosure of these oversight responsibilities, we believe that companies should determine the best structure for this oversight for themselves.
– SPACs: We have added a new section detailing our approach to common issues associated with special purpose acquisition companies (“SPACs”), including our generally favorable view of proposals seeking to extend business combination deadlines, as well as our approach to determining the independence of board members at a post-combination entity who previously served as executives of the SPAC. Absent any evidence of an employment relationship or continuing material financial interest in the combined entity, we will generally consider such directors to be independent.
Glass Lewis also made several clarifying amendments – including that their standard policy on virtual shareholder meetings is now in effect, and they expect robust disclosure about the ability of shareholders to participate in the meeting.
We’ll be posting memos in our “Proxy Advisors” Practice Area – and you should also mark your calendar for our January 14th webcast, which is a dialogue with Courteney Keatinge, Senior Director of ESG Research at Glass Lewis. Members of TheCorporateCounsel.net can access that webcast for free – if you’re not a member, you can try a no-risk trial.
Yesterday, Corp Fin added to its “CF Disclosure Guidance Topic” series with “Topic No. 10: Disclosure Considerations for China-Based Issuers.” It summarizes risks and corporate law & reporting differences that the may be unique to companies that are based in or have the majority of their operations in China – and lists questions for these companies to consider when drafting disclosures.
Corp Fin’s disclosure guidance isn’t completely unexpected. In August, I blogged about recommendations from the “President’s Working Group on Financial Markets” – a regulatory council whose members include SEC Chair Jay Clayton and Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin. The recommendations included the adoption of more specific disclosure requirements – or interpretive guidance – about the risks of investing in companies from “non-cooperating jurisdictions” like China.
The working group also recommended enhanced listing standards to ensure PCAOB access to audit work papers for Chinese companies. This Bloomberg article says that the SEC is planning to move forward with that initiative and might issue a proposal before year-end that could result in many China-based companies being delisted. Adoption of any proposal would then be left in the hands of the new SEC Chair – whoever that ends up being.
“Human Capital” Disclosure: SASB Sums Up Its Resources
Yesterday, SASB published this 10-page “Human Capital Bulletin” – which summarizes elements of SASB standards that can help companies prepare human capital disclosure as required by the recent amendments to Reg S-K. Here’s what it includes:
• A list of SASB industry standards that contain topics and metrics related to human capital.
• An overview of selected human capital-related topics and metrics across all 77 SASB industry standards – specifically, standards on labor practices; employee health & safety; employee engagement, diversity & inclusion; and supply chain management
• A summary of SASB’s Human Capital Management Research Project, which has the objective of identifying opportunities for the SASB Standards to further account for human capital-related risks and opportunities
The new Human Capital Bulletin follows updates last week to this statement from the SASB Investor Advisory Group. The statement – which hadn’t been updated since the Investor Advisory Group was formed in 2016 – urges companies to include SASB-based disclosures in their ESG communications to investors and now emphasizes that other reporting standards and frameworks may complement SASB standards, but aren’t replacements for them. Also see this SASB press release.
For more tips on human capital disclosure, make sure to tune in to our upcoming webcast, “Modernizing Your Form 10-K: Incorporating Reg S-K Amendments,” on Tuesday, December 8th, 2020 at 11am Eastern (note, this is an earlier time of day than most of our webcasts). If you attend the the live version of this program, CLE credit is available in the following 10 states:
CA, FL, IL, NC, NJ, NY, PA, TX, VA, WA.
Members of this site are able to attend this critical webcast at no charge. If not yet a member, try a no-risk trial now. For this program, the webcast cost for non-members is discounted to $295 – which will count toward your 2021 membership rate should you decide to subscribe to TheCorporateCounsel.net before the end of this year. You can renew or sign up for a no-risk trial online – or by fax or mail via this order form. If you need assistance, send us an email at info@ccrcorp.com – or call us at 800.737.1271.
Thanksgiving: Different Look, Fresh Gratitude
Thanksgiving is looking different this year for a lot of folks. As I count my blessings, this community looms large. I’m grateful to get to connect with you all from afar – nerding out on corporate governance, securities and ESG, and sharing the highs & lows of work and life in general. Hopefully what we do around here is also making your work lives a little easier in the midst of everything that’s been happening this year. Thank you to everyone who follows this blog, subscribes to our sites, speaks at or attends our events, and reaches out with interesting stories, tips and questions. We couldn’t do it without you!
Now, on to the recipes, since John is handling the blog tomorrow and we’ve got to keep up our streak of “foodieblogs.” I plan to be feasting on more leftovers this year than usual. This article from the Kitchn will help you turn one turkey into 9 freezer meals to enjoy in the weeks and months ahead.
On Friday, the Corp Fin Staff updated its statement on use of electronic signatures in light of Covid-19 concerns to say that it would not recommend enforcement action with respect to Reg S-T signature requirements for companies that comply with amended Rule 302(b) in advance of the effective date.
As I blogged back in June, the statement also extends for an indefinite time the temporary “Covid-19” signature relief that allows signatories to retain manually signed pages and deliver them to the company for retention as soon as reasonably practicable.
Dates for Electronic Signatures: Controlling for “Time Stamps”
If an officer decides to authenticate his/her signature electronically (once the new rule goes into effect) via DocuSign and does so a day or two in advance of an electronic filing with the SEC, should the signature page filed with the SEC bear the date that matches that date/time stamp or can it still bear the date of the filing?
John responded:
I don’t think there’s ever been a hard and fast rule regarding the date of an individual’s signature on a 10-K or 10-Q filing. Rule 302 of S-T simply requires (as it always has) that the authentication document “shall be executed before or at the time the electronic filing is made.” That being said, I think the more common practice is to date the signature page the date of the filing, and I think that’s a better practice in this situation.
The reason I say that is that the filing speaks as of its date, and the officer’s responsibility for the accuracy of its contents does not end prior to the time that the document is filed. While obtaining signatures (electronically or otherwise) a few days in advance may be a matter of convenience, I think the company’s procedures should make it clear that a signatory’s responsibility for the filing do not end on the date that he or she has authenticated their signature, and that the signature in the filing will be dated as of the filing date.
I think the potential problem with not taking this approach can be illustrated by a situation in which the company obtains an officer’s signature a few days in advance of filing the 10-Q, but during the interim, there is a development that requires a subsequent event footnote. Now the company would find itself in a situation in which the officer has signed a document as of a date that precedes the date of a specific disclosure included in the document. I think a situation like that may well implicate the company’s disclosure controls and procedures unless it is clear from its policies that the signatories understand as of what date their signatures speak, and that their responsibility for the accuracy and completeness of the filing do not end with the date they sign it.
Auditor Independence: PCAOB Amends Standards to Align with SEC
Last week, the PCAOB announced it had adopted amendments to its independence standards to align the Board’s requirements with the SEC’s recent revisions to auditor independence rules. The PCAOB rules will be effective subject to SEC review.
Yesterday, Corp Fin issued three FAQs to address transitional issues that companies have been wondering about in light of the recent amendments of Regulation S-K Items 101, 103 and 105, which are effective for filings made after today. Thanks to the Staff for addressing these questions – and it was also great that the SEC sent out a separate email showing exactly which interpretations had been added. Here are the topics that are covered (also see this Cooley blog):
1. Whether a Form S-3 prospectus supplement that’s filed after November 9th, relating to a registration statement that became effective before that date, has to comply with the new rules.
2. Whether new Item 101 requires companies to disclose info in the Form 10-K for more than the fiscal year covered by the report.
3. Whether a company must always provide a full discussion of the general development of its business in an annual report or registration statement that requires Item 101 disclosure.
Tesla D&O Coverage Gets an “Elon Exclusion”
Earlier this year, John blogged that Tesla struck a deal in which CEO Elon Musk would personally provide D&O coverage to the board. Last week, the company’s latest Form 10-Q reported that the coverage came with a $3 million price tag for 90 days of coverage – which apparently was a 50% discount from the market quotes that Tesla received!
Tesla says that it’s now decided to line up a customary policy with third-party carriers. You’ve gotta wonder whether they’ve been able to negotiate a more reasonable price, since according to this article, the new policy has an “Elon exclusion.”
Will Mr. Musk play it safe without the safety net of insurance coverage? We’ll see, but my guess is he feels fine being self-insured. He now has $3 million more to cover mishaps, and that’s just pocket change for the fourth-richest man in the world.
Visit Our “Proxy Season Blog”
We continue to share daily posts on our “Proxy Season Blog” – which is available to TheCorporateCounsel.net members. Members can sign up to get that blog pushed out to them via email whenever there is a new entry by simply inputting their email address on the left side of that blog. Here are some of the latest entries:
– Emerging Shareholder Proposal: B-Corp Conversions
– ISS to Cease Providing Draft Reports to S&P 500
– 14a-8 No-Action Letters: Key Points for Next Year
– Investors’ Letter-Writing Campaigns Just Got Easier
– Trends in Audit Committee Disclosures
Last year, Goldman Sachs’ CEO David Solomon announced that the bank wouldn’t be taking any company public unless the company met diversity quotas – one diverse director in 2020, two in 2021. In this LinkedIn post, DJ D-Sol notes that they’ve taken 54 companies public since the policy went into effect – and they’ve started a new initiative to get first-timers on boards.
Goldman Sachs isn’t alone in these initiatives – the NYSE is also involved with getting diverse directors connected with companies who are seeking new directors. This recent report from the NYSE & Diligent says that 81% of directors indicated that their board either already has a plan for increasing boardroom diversity or will have one soon. However, 45% lacked a specific timeframe for meeting diversity goals. Check out the full survey for info on board refreshment practices and other diversity efforts.
Critical Audit Matters: PCAOB Says CAMs Made Ripples, Not Waves
Last week, the PCAOB issued this analysis of the impact of the “critical audit matter” disclosure requirement, which has already been in effect for large accelerated filers and will take effect for other companies at the end of this year. This Cooley blog summarizes some of the high expectations and worries that people had when the requirement was adopted. But so far, other than auditors putting in some long hours (or maybe because of auditors putting in long hours), it seems like CAMs are making more of a ripple than a wave. Here are some of the key PCAOB findings:
• 2,420 audit reports contained CAMs – averaging 1.7 per report (7 was the highest). The most common CAMs reported related to revenue recognition (604), goodwill (462), other intangible assets (385) and business combinations (355).
• Audit firms made significant investments to support initial implementation of CAM requirements – but so far, they don’t appear to be passing those costs on to companies.
• Audit committee chairs and company preparers participating in the interview process indicated that the CAM implementation process was a “generally smooth experience” for companies, largely as a result of the significant upfront preparation by auditors. In particular, those interviewed considered the “dry runs” conducted by auditors to be useful.
• 41% of engagement partners who participated in the survey felt that the CAM requirement enhanced audit committee communications – less than 2% felt they constrained communications.
• Investor awareness of CAMs communicated in the auditor’s report is still developing, but some investors are reading CAMs and find the information beneficial. Only 31% of surveyed investors had seen a CAM “in the wild.”
• Only 2% of engagement partners reported issuer changes to internal control over financial reporting because of CAMs.
• The staff has not found evidence of significant unintended consequences from auditors’ implementation of CAM requirements for audits of large accelerated filers in the initial year.
COVID-19: Heightening Investors’ Focus on Social Issues?
Social issues are attracting greater attention from asset managers this year, compared to the “Before Times” – but governance remains the most important issue. That’s according to a recent survey of 65 asset managers by ISS ESG, asking how the pandemic has impacted their consideration of ESG factors in investment decision-making and stewardship or engagement activities. The press release lists these key findings (see our “ESG” Practice Area for a bevy of surveys and memos):
– 62.5 percent of respondents report that social issues attract more of their attention now than before the COVID-19 pandemic.
– Governance remains the most important ESG factor in the investment analysis and stewardship activities of 86 percent of respondents.
– Respondents report the primary drivers of growth in their ESG engagements include client and stakeholder demand, racial inequality and diversity, and regulatory changes.
– 44.1 percent of respondents expect future ESG ratings to place a greater weight on workplace safety, treatment of employees, diversity and inclusion, as well as supply chain labor dynamics.
– 37.5 percent of respondents have either already added or intend to add new staff to manage ESG-related issues.
