We’ve blogged about how some companies have adopted a “Rooney Rule” in an effort to improve board diversity. Now, it might be easier to include diverse candidates for vacancies – because Heidrick & Struggles has announced that each year, half of their cumulative slate of board candidates presented to clients will be diverse.
Heidrick has reason to be confident they’ll meet that goal. In 2018, 52% of their North American board placements were diverse candidates. Hopefully, starting with change at the beginning of the recruitment process will result in real change – but the proof is in the pudding…
This WaPo article reports on Goldman Sachs’ efforts to improve gender diversity for both entry level & senior employee positions, which came about because the bank wants to improve its gender pay ratio (which is required to be reported in Britain).
Board Diversity: Illinois Considering Quotas
Recently, the Illinois House of Representatives passed “House Bill 3394” – which would amend the state’s Business Corporation Act to require public companies headquartered in the “Land of Lincoln” to have at least one female director and one African-American director on their boards by the end of next year. Companies that don’t comply would face fines of $100,000 (first-time offenders) or $300,000 (repeat offenders).
After a heated debate, the bill advanced to the Illinois Senate by a vote of 61-27. If it becomes law, companies can increase the size of their boards to comply. Illinois is home to some pretty well-known companies – e.g. Walgreens, Boeing, McDonald’s, Archer Daniels Midland – but I’m guessing that smaller companies will be more affected. UCLA’s Stephen Bainbridge is among those criticizing the bill. But there’s a reputational risk for companies that challenge the low bar that the legislation would establish.
Board Diversity Mandates: What’s the Impact?
It was pretty big news when California passed its board gender diversity law last year. And Illinois isn’t the only state that’s considering similar legislation. Earlier this year, Broc blogged about a bill in New Jersey, and this Bloomberg article reports on proposed legislation in Massachusetts and non-binding guidelines in other states. But if these types of statutes catch on in the US, how much will they move the needle? This Cooley blog analyzes Bloomberg’s findings – here’s an excerpt:
The Bloomberg analysis showed that the new law could mean that 692 more board seats open up for women. In addition, reports Bloomberg, if every state were to adopt a comparable law, “U.S. companies in the Russell 3000 would need to open up 3,732 board seats for women within a few years.” Meaning the number of women on boards nationwide would rise by almost 75 percent.
Currently, among the Russell 3000, men hold 21,424 board seats, while women hold 5,088 seats. And 99 percent of boards are majority male. Board seats are often filled by current or retired executives, who are most often men. In addition, when director slots open, they are often filled through personal connections, likewise most often male. Those are just two of the reasons why women make up only one-fifth of U.S. board directors.
As Bloomberg reports, without some kind of change, “it could take another two generations before the boardroom matches the workforce, which is about half female. The glacial rate of progress inspired the California law, which had wide support in the state legislature.” And, as discussed in this article in the WSJ, companies will need to “revamp the way they recruit female directors.” According to the chair of the NACD, the “‘system produces white male candidates unless board leaders deliberately do something different.’”
Beginning next year, CalPERS will likely vote “against” compensation committee members in the same year that the compensation plan fails its pay-for-performance quantitative model. That’s according to recommendations in a recent staff report to the pension fund’s Investment Committee. Here’s more detail on the executive compensation initiative that’s underway:
– Move from a 3-year to a 5-year quantitative model (developed in collaboration with Equilar) to assess pay-for-performance, and vote “against” bottom quartile of universe
– Vote “against” Compensation Committee members in the same year the compensation plan fails the pay-for-performance quantitative model (effective 2020 proxy season)
– Additional qualitative components will continue to be used to assess compensation plans – e.g. insufficient disclosure of goals, lack of clawback policy
– For this year, CalPERS expects its say-on-pay voting outcomes to be similar to 2018, where CalPERS voted against 43% of pay programs
The report also summarizes the status of CalPERS’ voting & engagement efforts with Climate Action 100+, and its push for board quality, board diversity and majority voting in director elections. Here’s the staff’s recommended enhancements for overboarding and refreshment:
– Vote “against” non-executive directors who sit on more than 4 boards. The current practice is to vote “against” non-executive directors who sit on more than 5 boards
– Vote “against” Nominating/Governance Committee members if the Board has more than 1/3 of directors with greater than 12-year tenure AND less than 1/3 of directors were appointed in the last 6 years
More on “SEC Chair Talks About ‘Human Capital’ Disclosure”
In February, I summed up then-recent remarks from SEC Chair Jay Clayton on the topic of human capital disclosure by saying:
Companies should focus on providing material information that a reasonable investor needs to make informed investment & voting decisions – Jay is wary of mandating rigid disclosure standards or metrics.
In remarks a couple of weeks ago to the SEC Investor Advisory Committee, it was pretty clear that Chair Clayton’s views still stand. Here’s an excerpt:
Disclosure should focus on the material information that a reasonable investor needs to make informed investment and voting decisions; yet, applying this and the other principles I mentioned to human capital in the way businesses assess and disclose, and investors evaluate, for example, revenue or costs of goods sold, is not a simple task. That said, the historical approach of disclosing only the costs of compensation and benefits often is not enough to fully understand the value and impact of human capital on the performance and future prospects of an organization.
With that as context, my view is that to move our framework forward we should not attempt to impose rigid standards or metrics for human capital on all public companies. Rather, I think investors would be better served by understanding the lens through which each company looks at its human capital. In this regard, I ask: what questions do boards ask their management teams about human capital and what questions do investors—those who are making investment decisions—ask about human capital?
These remarks came in response to an IAC subcommittee recommending that the SEC adopt additional disclosure requirements on the topic of human capital management. Here’s an excerpt (also see this Cooley blog, which summarizes several HCM rulemaking petitions & initiatives, and this Willis Towers Watson memo about the IAC recommendations):
There are a wide range of potentially material HCM disclosures and ways to integrate that information into current reporting. At the most basic, issuers could be required to comply with a principles-based disclosure requirement asking them to detail their HCM policies and strategies for competitive advantage and comment on their progress in meeting their corporate objectives. This would essentially augment existing principles-based requirements with explicit discussions of HCM.
The fact that board and managers routinely rely on a number of similar metrics suggests that they can add value for investors, at least within a given sector, similar to the “view from management” approach to MD&A disclosure. We offer a few examples here of disclosure that – based on research findings in the studies cited above — could be considered. They could be considered in rule-making or as part of routine disclosure reviews by Commission staff. At a minimum, application of existing SEC guidance on non-GAAP accounting, including efforts to prevent issuers from providing inconsistent or otherwise misleading HCM disclosures over time, could be specifically applied to HCM metrics.
In the category of “leading by example,” SEC Chair Jay Clayton structured his remarks at yesterday’s “SEC Speaks” Conference in the form of an MD&A. Here’s an excerpt that shows the importance of “human capital” at the SEC:
Employee pay and benefits was our largest expenditure in fiscal years 2018 and 2013. This is not surprising given that our human capital is by far our most important asset. Technology expenditures have increased in total dollars and as a percentage of the total budget over the last five years. This is a direct result of our commitment to maintaining and upgrading our information technology systems and enhancing the agency’s cybersecurity and risk management.
For fiscal year 2019, our current fiscal year, employee pay and benefits is expected to continue to account for a significant portion of our appropriation. As a result of a hiring freeze, Commission staffing is down more than 400 authorized positions compared to fiscal year 2016. To ensure we can continue to meet our mission objectives, the resources Congress provided the agency for fiscal year 2019 will allow us to lift the hiring freeze and add 100 much-needed positions. This would put our staffing level on par with where we were five years ago.
A few weeks ago, the SEC adopted rules to implement the “Fast Act” – and when the rules go effective next month, they’ll make the following changes to the cover pages for Form 10-K, Form 10-Q and Form 8-K:
– Forms 8-K and 10-Q will require disclosure of the national exchange or principal US market for their securities, the trading symbol, and the title of each class of securities
– Form 10-K will have a new field for disclosure of the trading symbol for any securities listed on an exchange
– Form 10-K will no longer have a checkbox to show delinquent Section 16 filers
To reflect these changes, we’ve updated the Word version of the Form 10-K cover page in our “Form 10-K” Practice Area, as well as the Word version of the Form 10-Q cover page in our “Form 10-Q Practice” Area, and the Word version of the Form 8-K cover page in our “Form 8-K” Practice Area. Note that the adopting release contains the new cover page captions starting on page 216 – but doesn’t indicate exactly where the new text will be added to Form 8-K and Form 10-Q. So we’ve made an educated guess of where this new language will appear. The rules are effective May 2nd – but it typically takes the Staff a few weeks or months to incorporate these types of updates to the PDF cover pages published on the SEC’s website.
For companies that are required to submit Interactive Data Files in Inline XBRL format under Reg S-T, the Fast Act rules also require every data point on the cover pages to be presented with Inline XBRL tags. Some of the “Cover Page Interactive Data File” can be embedded – and the remainder should be attached as an exhibit under Reg S-K’s new Item 601(b)(104). The phase-in for this requirement matches the phase-in for mandatory Inline XBRL compliance. So for large accelerated filers, that means this will first be required in reports for periods ending on or after June 15th. Accelerated filers have until next year – and everyone else has until 2021. We’ve updated our “Form 10-K Cover Page Requirements Checklist” for all of the Fast Act rules – and will be updating all of our Handbooks as well.
Unsurprisingly, BlackRock is now using a technology solution, provided by CorpAxe, to coordinate governance engagement requests. There was an announcement last year that BlackRock had selected CorpAxe as their “corporate access and research management solution,” but since it didn’t mention governance activities per se, it didn’t move onto my radar until BlackRock started redirecting companies that had reached out via email to request engagement. There is also a notice on their stewardship website that you should submit engagement requests through CorpAxe.
Podcast: “Legislation to Study Rule 10b5-1 Plans”
We blogged a few months ago about proposed legislation that flew through the House and would require the SEC to study – and potentially restrict – Rule 10b5-1 trading plans. In this 19-minute podcast, Scott McKinney of Hunton Andrews Kurth discusses the bill in more detail, as it awaits consideration by the Senate. Topics include:
– What is the status of the legislation?
– What are the concerns about Rule 10b5-1 plans the legislation is intended to address?
– What specific issues would the legislation require the SEC to consider?
– What should companies do now?
There’s a lot of sense in Nouriel Roubini’s column for Project Syndicate on ICO flimflam and it’s all undone by one big mistake: “The fact that everyone within a given country or jurisdiction uses the same currency is precisely what gives money its value. Money is a public good that allows individuals to enter into free exchange without having to resort to the kind of imprecise, inefficient bartering on which traditional societies depended.
That is precisely where the ICO charlatans would effectively take us – not to the futuristic world of “ The Jetsons,” but to the modern Stone Age world of “ The Flintstones” where all transactions occur through the barter of different tokens or goods. It is time to recognize their utopian rhetoric for what it is: self-serving nonsense meant to separate credulous investors from their hard-earned savings.”
No. This is wrong. The Flintstones has a currency. Clams.
Clam shells are subdivisory units of the sand dollar, which commonly trades for goods and services either in the form of a flower-like token or a paper bill that closely resembles the US dollar. The Flintstones franchise gives a clear and consistent representation of a fiat monetary system where shells and sand dollars themselves have no intrinsic or representative value, but exist within a sophisticated economy that includes a banking system, a shadow banking system and an insurance system. Clams function as the system’s standardised, centralised, universally accepted, frictionless, low latency and fully fungible stores of value.
Meanwhile, according to this article, a guy was cited for speeding in a neighborhood while he donned a Fred Flintstone costume and was driving a real-life “footmobile”…
Poll: Vote for Your Favorite Flintstones Characters
It’s never too late to vote in my long-standing poll about which Flintstones character you like best. Nearly 10,000 votes have been cast over the years – right now, Fred barely leads over Barney, with Wilma & Betty tied for third. Then, there’s Dino, Bamm-Bamm, Great Gazoo, Mr. Slate, Pebbles and Arnold the Paper Boy. And many more. Vote anonymously now – you can’t let Mr. Slate beat Pebbles!
Yesterday, Corp Fin Director Bill Hinman & Senior Advisor for Digital Assets Valerie Szczepanik issued a statement announcing new Staff guidance on when tokens & other digital assets will be regarded as “securities” subject to SEC regulation. Here’s an excerpt:
As part of a continuing effort to assist those seeking to comply with the U.S. federal securities laws, FinHub is publishing a framework for analyzing whether a digital asset is offered and sold as an investment contract, and, therefore, is a security. The framework is not intended to be an exhaustive overview of the law, but rather, an analytical tool to help market participants assess whether the federal securities laws apply to the offer, sale, or resale of a particular digital asset.
Also, the Division of Corporation Finance is issuing a response to a no-action request, indicating that the Division will not recommend enforcement action to the Commission if the digital asset described in the request is offered or sold without registration under the U.S. federal securities laws.
The 13-page “Framework for ‘Investment Contract’ Analysis of Digital Assets” represents the most detailed guidance that the Staff has provided on the application of the Howey test to digital assets. It walks through each element of the Howey test and identifies key characteristics of a digital asset that influence the Staff’s views about whether that asset involves an “investment contract.”
The guidance in the Framework is likely to be helpful to issuers planning token offerings. But it’s unlikely to please the crypto-evangelists who seek a light touch – or even a “hands-off” approach – from the SEC. That’s because the Framework makes it very clear that the SEC will continue to apply the Howey test to digital assets with considerable rigor. As they say, if you don’t like it, write to Congress.
Digital Assets: So What About That “TurnKey Jet” No-Action Letter?
Bill Hinman’s statement referenced a new no-action letter – TurnKey Jet (4/3/19) – in which Corp Fin said it wouldn’t recommend an enforcement action against an issuer if it proceeded with a token offering without registration. This is pretty earth-shattering news, right? Yeah, not exactly. Don’t get me wrong – it’s certainly a landmark, but it’s also a fairly prosaic application of the Howey test to a deal involving the sale of fully-functional tokens structured in such a way as to squeeze out any profit potential associated with their ownership.
Corp Fin’s response letter walks through the key factors in its decision, some of which are highlighted in this excerpt from the request letter explaining why there’s no expectation of profit involved with the tokens:
It will not be technically possible to trade and transfer Tokens from the Platform in a non-Platform secondary market at a premium. Further, it will be economically impractical to trade Tokens within the Platform in a secondary market since TKJ will offer continuous, ongoing Token sales at one USD per Token which should cause the market price of Tokens not to exceed one USD per Token. These restrictions on transfer are indicative of the consumptive nature of the Tokens.
The TKJ Program memberships are non-equity memberships and will be non-transferable. The Consumers will represent that they are obtaining the TKJ memberships and Tokens for their own use and not as an investment or to profit. The TKJ memberships and Tokens will not be marketed to the public as investments. The funds that the Consumers prepay for the on-demand air charter services will be nonrefundable and will be immediately redeemable for air charter services, so no Consumer will have a reasonable expectation of profit.
Gosh, that kind of takes all the fun out of it, doesn’t it?
A New SEC Commissioner Nominee: Allison Lee
Earlier this week, the White House announced that President Trump had nominated Allison Lee to fill the vacant Democratic slot on the SEC. Allison previously served in the SEC’s Division of Enforcement & as Counsel to former Commissioner Kara Stein. This WSJ article says it is unclear when the Senate will hold her confirmation hearing. If she’s confirmed, the SEC will operate with a full slate of members – something that’s been unusual in recent years.
This ABA Journal piece talks about the ethics laws and how they may – or may not – apply to lawyers who write on blogs as ghostwriters. I am certainly not well-versed in the ethics laws – but ghostwriting blogs wouldn’t seem to be much different than the myriad of other writings that junior lawyers do on behalf of senior lawyers, without much recognition? Law firm memos, legal briefs, articles published in print publications. You name it.
I’m not saying that the practice of “not giving credit where perhaps credit is due” is a good one. I am just saying that it’s fairly rampant. And it can be a complex issue. For example, a junior lawyer writes the first draft of something – and then a senior lawyer makes heavy edits. Co-authors, right? Anyway, perhaps it all doesn’t matter that much…
Ghostwriting Blogs? Does It Matter?
I say that perhaps it doesn’t matter because most legal blogs still miss the mark. They read like law firm memos – impersonal & cold. So they don’t connect with readers (meaning they are less likely to be read – and if they are read, quickly forgotten). I’ve been giving advice for years about how to blog – here’s an excerpt from this piece I wrote over a decade ago (see pages 8-9):
A much bigger concern than coming up with stories is whether you can find your blogging “voice.” This is the concept of blogging content that is written in a style far-removed from the style used to draft sterile press releases. I’m not suggesting that you write “unprofessionally” either. Rather, it’s a bit more informal than what you do for official corporate communications.
You may be a good writer, but blogging is a different kind of writing – it requires dynamic content with an active voice and punchy prose, knowing when (and how) to use links, and more. If you can’t do this, I wouldn’t bother blogging because you won’t earn trust if you can’t connect with your audience by making it seem like it’s coming from you and not a soulless company. Look at other blogs and see the ones that you like best. And I think you will know what I mean…
Transcript: “Conduct of the Annual Meeting”
We have posted the transcript for our recent webcast: “Conduct of the Annual Meeting.”
Yesterday, Corp Fin issued guidance – in the form of this “announcement” – about the new rules & procedures for exhibits that contain immaterial, competitively harmful information. This guidance is in the wake of the new Fast Act rules (see this horde of memos) that permit companies to file redacted material contracts without applying for confidential treatment of the redacted information provided the redacted information (i) is not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed. Those rules become effective upon their publication in the Federal Register, which is expected today.
Here’s a few things to know:
1. Mark Exhibit Index, Provide Statement on Exhibit Cover & Use Brackets for Redaction – You must mark the exhibit index to indicate where redaction occurs, include a prominent statement on the exhibit cover and use brackets within the exhibit to show exactly where redaction occurred.
2. Corp Fin Will Check for Compliance With New Rules – Corp Fin intends to check for compliance with the new rules, using a separate chain of comments from the regular comment process. This includes Corp Fin’s review of the redacted information, which may lead to comments asking for substantiation of immateriality/competitive harm claims. Conclusion of the review process will result in Corp Fin sending a letter to that affect.
3. Edgar Will Only Reveal Bare-Bones of CT Review – Edgar will publicly reveal that Corp Fin initially made a confidential treatment inquiry – and then that its review has been closed. Corp Fin will not upload comments issued during its CT review onto Edgar – so these comments won’t be publicly available.
4. Your Registration Statement Won’t Be Declared Effective Until Exhibit Issues Resolved – As has been the case in the past, acceleration requests will be acted upon only after any comments relating to the redacted exhibits are resolved.
5. If You Have a Pending CTR, You Can Switch to New Rules – If you currently have a confidential treatment request pending, you may – but are not required – withdraw your pending CTR and rely on the new rules. If you don’t withdraw, Corp Fin will continue to process your CTR under the old rules.
6. You Can Still File CTRs Under the Old Rules – The new rules have not changed your ability to request confidential treatment under Rule 406 or Rule 24b-2. If you file a CTR under the old rules, Corp Fin will process them that way.
7. How to Get More Corp Fin Guidance – Here’s where you can send your questions to Corp Fin about this new rule: RedactedExhibits@sec.gov.
Glass Lewis Will Distribute Your Feedback: But It Will Cost Ya…
I blogged recently that Glass Lewis is piloting a new “Report Feedback Statement” that will allow companies & shareholder proponents to express how their opinion differs from what’s in Glass Lewis’ research. Glass Lewis has now published FAQs – and this Morrow Sodali memo highlights how much you’ll have to shell out for the service:
Companies and/or shareholder proponents do not have to be Glass Lewis clients in order to use the RFS service. However, both issuers and shareholder proponents must purchase the relevant annual meeting report (at a cost ranging from $750 to $5,000, depending on size of the issuer) and pay a $2,000 fee for the distribution of the RFS comments.
And if you’re going to participate, don’t forget to also check out the Glass Lewis “Etiquette Guide,” which clarifies that only publicly available & legally vetted info should be shared in the RFS. In addition, it instructs everyone to use the “appropriate level of decorum & civility” – ah, the times we live in…
March-April Issue of “The Corporate Counsel”
We recently mailed the March-April issue of “The Corporate Counsel” print newsletter (try a no-risk trial). The topics include:
1. Board Minutes: Best Practices for Everyone’s Least Favorite Task
– Why Do Minutes Matter?
– The Importance of Setting the Stage: Agendas & Board Materials
– Putting Pen to Paper: Drafting the Minutes
– Address Director Notes to Preserve Minutes as the Definitive Record
– What About the Corporate Secretary’s Notes and Draft Minutes?
– Five Key Takeaways About Your Board Minutes
2. Now, Therefore, It Is RESOLVED: Drafting Board Resolutions
Evelyn Davis was at the very first shareholder meeting I ever attended – at the then-new, post-merger Manufacturers Hanover Trust Company. A callow youth in the mid-1960s, I was pressed into duty because I was good at long-division. The only ‘calculators’ back then, other than human ones, were mechanical monsters that weighed about 75 pounds and made ear-shattering noises as they literally ‘spun their wheels’ to come up with percentages. “From the moment Evelyn Y. Davis grabbed the mike, in the old American Stock Exchange auditorium, I knew this was a business I wanted to stick close to.”
Davis had just begun to branch out from her first-career – and what a first impression she made on the audience. All of them were in their best business attire, as was the custom then. She was wearing a tight black sweater with a plunging neckline, a mini-skirt that was 10 or 11 inches long at most, black net stockings, thigh-high black boots, and a short chinchilla jacket.
Her opening remarks were to fawningly compliment the Chair – and to ask if she could come up on stage, sit on his lap, and give him “a big juicy kiss.” Our then Chairman, Jeff McNeill, was an incredibly strait-laced, old-school Southern Baptist, with a big old-fashioned Florida drawl – and when he recovered himself sufficiently to politely demur, she turned on him with a vengeance, peppering him with one question after another, never pausing to wait for the answer, which was her usual habit at all meetings. Her loud, sarcastic-sounding tone that she favored during the first half of her career. After a few minutes, people in the audience began to shout, “Sit down! Shut up! Go home!”
“You’re all just jealous of me” she yelled. The audience was totally stunned into silence – but I was totally hooked – on shareholder meetings that is.
Shaq Becomes a Director. Does It Matter?
Hat tip to Sempra Energy’s Lenin Lopez for pointing out this Form 8-K filed by Papa John to announce that NBA Hall-of-Famer Shaquille O’Neal has become a director for the company (here’s the press release). According to this article, Shaq will become much more than a director – he’ll become the face of the brand (with a marketing agreement) and owner of nine franchises in the company.
I’m only bothering to blog about this because old-timers may recall that Dr. J was often held up as the example of how some directors were overboarded. Since Dr. J had a successful private investment firm, he was perhaps targeted unfairly since many sat on too many boards back then. Since then, overboarding has become rare as attention to this issue has curbed it – and many athletes have had fruitful second careers and would be good fits for boards. Shaq certainly fits the mold as he has long had pursuits outside the basketball world, including even when he was playing. Just like LeBron does now. His new TV show – the “Million Dollar Mile” – looks like it will do okay…
A question in Shaq’s case is whether he could really be considered an “independent” director since he will be the face of the brand, etc. In it’s Form 8-K, the company notes that it doesn’t consider Shaq to be “independent” under Nasdaq’s listing standards…
A Farewell to Cooley’s Bill Godward
Over five years ago, I taped a podcast with Cooley’s Bill Godward. He was still going into the office at age 100. And he was amazing – so wonderful to hear stories of what practicing law was like 70 years ago. I’m sad to note that Bill has passed away at age 105 – here is a nice memoriam from Cooley…
Our April Eminders is Posted!
We have posted the April issue of our complimentary monthly email newsletter. Sign up today to receive it by simply inputting your email address!
I don’t know if law students still do this, but when I was in law school, there were certain volumes that we would pull from the library’s stacks, set down on their spines & watch automatically fall open to the page of a particularly well-read case. This wasn’t because the case in question involved issues of great legal interest – instead, it was because the case involved issues of great prurient or comedic interest (read the dissent).
Anyway, I think we may have a new addition to the pantheon from – of all places – the Delaware Chancery Court. Behold Winklevoss Capital Fund v. Shaw, (Del. Ch.; 3/19), a case that has touches of both prurience & comedy. It recounts the saga of America’s most unlikeable twins’ ill-fated investment in “Treats!” – “a print & digital magazine depicting nude and semi-nude photography of models and celebrities.” So, what could go wrong with an investment in online sleaze? It turns out that the answer is “plenty.”
While the opinion is far from pornographic, it will do nothing to enhance any remaining faith you might have in the future of humanity & you may hate yourself for reading it. In short, it’s kinda fun. Don’t take my word for it – Steven Davidoff Solomon (a.k.a. “The Deal Professor”) has been having a good time tweeting snippets from it.
Escheatment: “They’re Baaaack!”
Look, don’t shoot the messenger here, okay? But if you thought escheatment issues were in the rearview mirror after the courts slapped Delaware around for its thuggish aggressive approach to unclaimed property audits, it looks like you were mistaken. This Morris Nichols memo says that enforcement is back with a vengeance. Here’s the intro:
For those who thought the State of Delaware had gone out of the unclaimed property business—think again. After a 2017 overhaul of Delaware’s unclaimed property laws and an increased emphasis on voluntary compliance with those laws, Delaware is sending out dozens of “invitations” to companies to enter its’ Abandoned or Unclaimed Property Voluntary Disclosure Agreement Program (the “VDA Program”). Ignoring this invitation guarantees that a company will get audited by the state.
Delaware is also beginning to review companies’ reporting histories and their annual unclaimed property filings for accuracy and completeness and is strictly enforcing timelines and deadlines for companies under audit. All of this is a signal to Delaware companies that, while voluntary compliance is preferred by the state, audit—with assessed interest and penalties—is a very real consequence and an alternative that Delaware can and will pursue.
The memo highlights a number of reasons why companies might want to take advantage of Delaware’s VDA program – including the waiver of interest and penalties, and the fact that VDAs can be resolved more quickly than an audit & without involving other states.
Fast Act S-K Cleanup: A “Cheat Sheet”
If the 251-page adopting release for the SEC’s latest round of Fast Act S-K cleanup changes has you a bit befuddled, this recent Bass Berry blog may be just what you need. Not only does it summarize the changes, but it also includes a helpful “cheat sheet” in the form of a chart laying out the rules that have changed, the specific changes, & the reasons for them. Want more help getting your arms around the rule changes? We’re posting tons of memos in our “Disclosure Reform” Practice Area.
By the way, not everyone at the SEC is singing from the same hymnal when it comes to the new rules. Commission Jackson dissented from the SEC’s decision to adopt them, and issued a statement setting forth the reasons for his opposition.
Yesterday, in Lorenzo v. SEC, the US Supreme Court held – by a 6-2 vote – that dissemination of false statements with intent can fall within the scope of Rules 10b–5(a) & (c), even if the disseminator did not “make” the statements & consequently falls outside Rule 10b–5(b).
That’s a big win for the SEC – and a big loss for the securities defense bar. The decision is a retreat from the Court’s position in the Janus case, where it held that liability under Rule 10b-5(b) was limited to the “maker” of a false or misleading statement. As Broc subsequently blogged, the SEC responded to Janus by emphasizing its view that 10b-5(a) & (c) had a more expansive reach. The Lorenzo decision vindicates the SEC’s position. Here’s an excerpt from Justice Breyer’s opinion for the Court:
It would seem obvious that the words in these provisions are, as ordinarily used, sufficiently broad to include within their scope the dissemination of false or misleading information with the intent to defraud. By sending emails he understood to contain material untruths, Lorenzo “employ[ed]” a “device,” “scheme,” and “artifice to defraud” within the meaning of subsection (a) of the Rule, §10(b),and §17(a)(1). By the same conduct, he “engage[d] in a[n]act, practice, or course of business” that “operate[d] . . . as a fraud or deceit” under subsection (c) of the Rule.
Justices Thomas & Gorsuch dissented from the ruling, with Justice Thomas stating that the decision “eviscerates” Janus’s distinction between primary & secondary liability “by holding that a person who has not ‘made’ a fraudulent misstatement can nevertheless be primarily liable for it.” Justice Kavanaugh participated in the D.C. Circuit’s ruling on the case & recused himself from the Court’s deliberations. We’re posting memos in our “Securities Litigation” Practice Area.
Board Refreshment: What Do Companies Want From New Directors?
According to this Deloitte/Society for Corporate Governance Board Practices Survey, there are several characteristics that companies look for in new director candidates. This excerpt suggests that diversity – and specifically, gender diversity – tops the list:
94% said their boards are looking to increase board diversity. Of these, the majority (61%) said their boards are looking to increase gender diversity – far exceeding race and ethnicity (48%) and professional skills or experience (43%). Boards seeking to increase their diversity most commonly look to referrals from current directors (77%), suggesting that networking is still key to board succession, though search firms came in a close second (73%).
When it comes to professional experience, companies are most interested in directors who know the industry & those with leadership, accounting or tech backgrounds:
Specific industry experience topped the list. Also in the top 10: business leadership; accounting; digital or technology strategy (e.g., artificial intelligence, cryptocurrency, and social media); cyber; and IT (e.g., infrastructure, operations). While other types of professional experience, such as marketing and HR, may be overdue for board representation (and could contribute to diversity), they do not seem to be gaining traction as stand-alone recruitment priorities.
The survey covered 102 companies, the vast majority of which were either large or mid-caps, although a handful of small-cap companies were also included.
Board Refreshment: What Do They Get?
Okay, so now we know what companies say they want in a new board member – this recent EY survey on 2018’s class of new independent directors at Fortune 100 companies sheds some light on what they actually get. Here are some of the highlights:
– In 2018, 71% of the reviewed companies added at least one new nominee and 27% added two or more. This represents an increase from prior years when the levels were generally steady at around 56% and 21%, respectively.
– The areas of expertise most frequently cited in new nominations were: international business; corporate finance, accounting; and industry expertise. Around half of the new class was recognized for expertise in at least one of these categories. The next most common areas — technology; operations, manufacturing; and board service, corporate governance — were cited in 40% to 45% of new nominations.
– Women continued to represent around 40% of new nominees, contributing to a slight increase in overall board gender diversity; in 2018, 27% of existing independent directors were women, up from 25% in 2016.
Approximately half of 2018’s new class of directors consisted of the usual suspects – current & former CEOs, and that group was predominantly male. But when it came to non-CEO nominees, the genders were more balanced, and most of the new directors from non-corporate backgrounds were women.
Overall, the takeaway seems to be that Fortune 100 companies are adding new directors more frequently, and that those directors are increasingly younger & more female. While the characteristics & qualifications of new directors generally align with what companies say they’re looking for, it also looks like their fixation on former CEOs is working at cross-purposes with their diversity initiatives.
