Tune in tomorrow for the webcast – “Non-GAAP Disclosures: Corp Fin Speaks” – to hear Mark Kronforst, the Chief Accountant of the SEC’s Division of Corporation Finance and Dave Lynn of TheCorporateCounsel.net and Jenner & Block provide practical guidance about what to do now with your non-GAAP disclosures given Corp Fin’s CDIs and a year’s worth of Staff comment letters on the topic.
According to “The Conference Board’s” “CEO Succession Practices” report – which analyzes succession events among the S&P 500 – companies are becoming much more communicative about CEO succession plans:
Compared with a year earlier, in 2016 boards were 30 percent less likely to announce that the transition was effective immediately.
Communication practices more commonly include providing earlier notice of the CEO succession event, including the description of the role performed by the board of directors in the CEO succession process, and offering more details on the reasons for the transition.
Check out this handy infographic from Heidrick & Struggles for other notable findings, which include:
– Struggling retailers & wholesalers are driving a record-high succession rate for companies with low TSR.
– Stable succession rates of better-performing companies may indicate that increased scrutiny over executive pay and performance has started to produce results.
– Only six of the 63 CEO positions that became available in the S&P 500 in 2016 were filled by a woman.
– One out of 10 CEO successions in 2016 were navigated by an interim CEO, a role once used only in situations of emergencies and unplanned transitions.
– Only 6.4 percent of the successions in 2016 involved the immediate joint appointment of the new CEO as board chairman, as proxy advisors and the investment community increasingly demand independent board leadership.
More on “The Mentor Blog”
We continue to post new items daily on our blog – “The Mentor Blog” – for TheCorporateCounsel.net members. Members can sign up to get that blog pushed out to them via email whenever there is a new entry by simply inputting their email address on the left side of that blog. Here’s a sampling of entries:
– Boards: Portfolio Managers as New Directors
– LSE: Changes AIM Rules to Reflect “Market Abuse Regulation”
– PwC Violates Auditor Independence Standards – Yet Again
– US Foreign Bond Issuers: Fed Cracks Down on Form SLT Reporting
– Delaware Supreme Court Affirms Chancery’s Lack of Damages Award as Remedial Discretion
ISS announced yesterday that it’s changing hands – for the fifth time in the past 15 years or so. Genstar Capital, a San Francisco-based private equity firm, is buying the company from the previous PE owner – Vestar Capital Partners – for $720 million.
The ISS press release gives a few details on the expected timing & transition plans:
The transaction is expected to close by early fourth quarter, subject to customary closing conditions.
ISS will continue to operate independently once the transaction is completed and the current ISS executive leadership team will remain in place.
Based on the press release, Genstar has some experience in backing service providers in the financial services sector – and plans to continue ISS’s strategic infrastructure & ESG initiatives.
Blockchain: Here Come the Early Adopters
According to this Bloomberg article, Delaware’s enactment of amendments permitting companies to use blockchain technology for corporate records is already attracting potential early adopters among privately-held companies. Here’s an excerpt:
Medici Ventures Inc.—a venture capital arm of online retailer Overstock.com Inc. that invests in blockchain companies—plans to become one of the early adopters. “Medici Ventures is very excited about the possibilities this forward-thinking legislation from Delaware affords corporations, and plans to offer its shares and begin managing its shareholder records on the blockchain as soon as possible,” Medici Ventures President and Overstock.com board member Jonathan Johnson told Bloomberg BNA in an Aug. 10 statement.
Medici Ventures is an investor in Symbiont, a New York-based financial services firm that is working with Delaware on the infrastructure to support corporate record keeping on a blockchain throughout the company’s life. The Overstock.com subsidiary is one of about two dozen private companies that have expressed interest in using Delaware’s blockchain law.
The article says that – so far – it’s law firms that have expressed the most interest in blockchain technology.
Spanking brand new. By popular demand, this comprehensive “Management Proposals Handbook” covers the entire terrain – in a nifty chart format! – from SEC requirements for typical proposals to common questions about proxy statement distribution. This one is a real gem – 31 pages of practical guidance – and it’s posted in our “Annual Shareholders’ Meetings” Practice Area.
Whistleblower Hotlines: Still a Vital Tool?
Here’s the intro from this blog by Matt Kelly of Radical Compliance:
Recently the chief compliance officer of a global company asked me: does a company need a telephone-based whistleblower hotline anymore? In our all-technology, all-the-time world, could a company phase out telephone hotlines in favor of a web-only reporting system?
The answer to that question requires a bit of finesse. The short answer is yes: in the purest, technical interpretation of corporate governance law and SEC rules, a company isn’t required to provide a telephone hotline as one reporting option. But you would need bulletproof arguments demonstrating why your organization no longer needs a telephone hotline, and never will in the future.
We continue to post new items daily on our blog – “The Mentor Blog” – for TheCorporateCounsel.net members. Members can sign up to get that blog pushed out to them via email whenever there is a new entry by simply inputting their email address on the left side of that blog. Here’s a sampling of entries:
– Confidential Treatment Requests for IPOs: 40% Have Them
– Federal Court Holds Delaware’s Unclaimed Property Estimation Methods Violate the Constitution
The principles are designed to promote fair and accurate cybersecurity ratings – in response to the recent emergence of several ratings companies that collect and analyze publicly accessible data to analyze a company’s cybersecurity risk posture. The ratings are increasingly used by insurers – as well as in M&A and other business decisions.
The data for risk ratings is typically collected without the target company’s knowledge and comes from a variety of sources – e.g. hackers’ forums, darknet data, Internet traffic stats, port-scanning tools & open-source malware intelligence sources. Ratings companies then use proprietary methodologies and algorithms to analyze the data and assign a grade.
Importantly, however, cybersecurity ratings have the potential for being inaccurate, incomplete, unverifiable and unreliable – if, for example, the source data is inaccurate or the methodology doesn’t account for risk mitigations in place at a company.
The principles developed by the consortium were designed to increase confidence in and the usability of fair and accurate cybersecurity ratings by addressing the potential problems. The principles were modeled after the Fair Credit Reporting Act.
We don’t know if cybersecurity risk ratings will become anywhere near as important as credit ratings – but keep them on your radar. The signatories to the principles include Aetna, American Express, Bank of America, Chevron, Eli Lilly, Fannie Mae, FICO, Goldman Sachs, Home Depot, Honeywell, JP Morgan, Microsoft, State Street & lots of other big names.
When is “Hacking Disclosure” Required in SEC Filings?
By now, most companies have a cyber incident response plan – which should include contacting a securities lawyer to evaluate disclosure requirements. As outlined in this Goodwin memo, these decisions continue to depend on a fact-specific materiality analysis:
What is “material” ends up being far less clear, and there is plenty of room for a public company to determine in good faith that a specific cyber incident does not require separate disclosure. Where the obligation is unclear, a company’s reluctance to disclose is understandable: Disclosure may highlight vulnerabilities, and will bring unwelcome attention from customers, regulators and others. The plaintiffs’ bar will also circle, smelling the possibility of a class action, and they will not view the company and its managers as the victims.
While the SEC won’t second-guess a good-faith analysis, they also won’t shy away from investigating disclosure lags – see this WSJ article about whether Yahoo’s data breach should’ve been reported sooner to investors.
The memo identifies factors affecting disclosure decisions – such as the significance of other notice obligations, existing risk factors & potential remediation costs. Since the decision will probably have to be made quickly, it’s not a bad idea to create a decision tree in advance. Our “Cybersecurity Disclosure Checklist” is a good starting point, and check out this blog as well…
Cyber Insurance: Is Everyone Doing It?
According to this AM Best article, companies paid over $1 billion in cyber insurance premiums in 2016 – but the market might grow to $20 billion by 2020! Of course, this depends on whether last year’s 34.7% increase in premiums is a sustainable trend versus a one-off response to noteworthy breaches.
The article also notes ongoing uncertainty among insurers about pricing & risk exposure – so maybe some companies are getting bargains. But standalone policies now account for about 70% of coverage – which (from insurers’ perspectives) is improving the accuracy of their evaluations.
See this “Insurance Journal” article for intel on providers & other trends. And see this article about how Senator Mark Warner has sent a letter to the SEC outlining his concerns about more transparency if market participants get hacked…
Only 42 venture-backed companies went public in the United States in 2016 – including eight incorporated outside the United States – making it the most challenging year by number of IPOs and by aggregate offering amount raised since the recessionary times of 2009. The average offering amount per IPO in 2016 was only $77.3 million—the lowest average since 2003.
Venture-backed IPOs in 2017 are on pace to surpass the levels reached in 2016, both in number of IPOs and aggregate offering amount raised. In the first six months of this year, 31 venture-backed companies have gone public in the United States, including seven incorporated outside the United States. And the Snap IPO in March raised $3.4 billion—nearly $70 million more than all venture-backed IPOs in 2016 combined. Here’s the latest “Venture-Backed IPO Survey” from Gunderson Dettmer, focusing on key governance & disclosure items.
Of the 34 venture-backed companies that the firm reviewed:
– All are incorporated in Delaware
– 52.9% listed on the Nasdaq Global Market, 32.4% listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market, 11.8% on the Nasdaq Capital Market and 2.9% on the New York Stock Exchange
– Average time from incorporation to IPO was just over eight years
– Average time from initial registration statement submission to the SEC to pricing the IPO was nearly 8.5 months
– 30% included a directed share program component in the IPO
– Only seven of the companies completed follow-on offerings in 2016
Companies were also taking advantage of Jobs Act accommodations – 100% submitted a confidential registration statement & 88% provided two years of audited financials.
Voting Rights: CalPERS Wins “Dual-Class” Suit
Recently, CalPERS notched a win for investors in the battle over “dual-class” voting structures. The pension giant sued Interactive Corp last year when it attempted to create a new non-voting class of stock that would have given perpetual voting control to the board chair – despite the fact that he owned only 8% of outstanding economic rights.
After months of litigation, the company has abandoned its proposed issuance. Here’s an excerpt from this “Harvard Law” blog:
By shedding the light of litigation on IAC’s non-voting share plan, CalPERS achieved a significant victory for shareholders’ core right to vote. This result should make founders and controllers considering copying the trend of non-voting stock issuances think twice – as institutional investors will act decisively to defend and assert their right to vote when faced with these threats. Such protective actions will continue to promote open and responsive capital markets, and the long-term value creation that comes with them.
Tune in tomorrow for the webcast – “Controlled Companies: Trends & Unique Issues” – to hear Jane Freedman, Dorsey’s Cam Hoang and Davis Polk’s Sophia Hudson discuss the unique issues involved with controlled companies.
Last year, we blogged about the Financial Stability Board’s formation of an industry-led “Task Force on Climate-Related Financial Disclosures.” Now, the Task Force has issued its 74-page final report – Recommendations of the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures – along with supporting materials – which provide a standardized framework & guidance for voluntary climate-related financial risk disclosures in SEC filings.
While lots of climate change disclosure principles exist – here’s one of our many earlier blogs – this Task Force is significant because it was organized by the G20 – which coordinates national financial authorities & standard-setting bodies, including the SEC. Also, the press release highlights that companies with a combined market cap of $3.5 trillion – and financial institutions responsible for assets of $25 trillion – have committed to support the recommendations.
The recommendations boil down to four thematically related areas: governance, strategy, risk management, and metrics & targets.
– Governance: organizations are encouraged to disclose their governance around climate-related risks and opportunities, including board oversight and management’s role in assessing and managing these risks and opportunities.
– Strategy: one of the centerpieces of the recommendations and likely the most controversial and difficult, is the TCFD recommendation that organizations disclose the actual and potential material impacts of climate-related risks and opportunities on their businesses, strategy and financial planning, including (i) climate-related risks identified in the short-, medium- and long-term (not defined); (ii) the impact of such risks on the organizations’ businesses, strategy and financial planning; and (iii) the resilience of the organizations’ strategy under different climate-related scenarios including a 2ºC or lower scenario. Importantly, the TCFD is not recommending any specific 2ºC scenario, instead providing criteria to aid each organization’s design of its own 2ºC scenario.
– Risk Management: the TCFD recommends disclosure of processes for identifying, assessing and managing climate-related risks and a description of how these processes are integrated into the organization’s overall risk management.
– Metrics & Targets: if material, the TCFD recommends organizations disclose (i) the metrics used to assess climate-related risks and opportunities in line with their strategy and risk management processes; (ii) their Scope 1, 2, and 3 greenhouse gas emissions (defined as direct emissions, indirect emissions from consumption of purchased power and other indirect emissions through the organization’s value chain) and related risks; and (iii) the targets used and the organization’s performance against such targets.
Recently, ISS teamed with UK & EU organizations to launch “Climetrics” – the first climate rating system for funds. Here’s an excerpt from the ISS announcement:
The rating – symbolized by “green leaves” issued on a scale of one to five– will enable investors to gauge and compare the climate impact of investments in funds and potentially encourage growth in climate-responsible fund products.
The equity fund market – worth more than €3 trillion in Europe – could be a significant lever for mitigating climate change. But, despite fast-growing institutional and customer demand for climate-conscious investing, to-date no rating system has allowed investors to compare funds’ climate-related impacts.
Climetrics will rate European funds based on the climate change impact of their portfolio holdings – as well as the asset managers’ application of climate impact as an investment & governance factor and the funds’ ESG policies. Investors can see the ratings for free on climetrics-rating.org.
Preparing For – & Responding To – Climate Change Proposals
Last month, we blogged about a possible trend: climate change proposals passing with historic levels of support. This recent Weil blog lays out suggestions for companies and boards who’ve received climate and sustainability proposals & engagement requests – or who want to prepare in advance.
Conveniently, Annex A of Weil’s blog also summarizes and links to the voting policies for a number of institutional investors. Check out this blog from Dorsey’s Cam Hoang for info on the pressure that these investors are getting to change their E&S policies.
Over the years, we’ve blogged about the extent to which ISS influences voters at institutional investors (here’s an example). Different studies (or anecdotes) show different things – and the debate continues. This recent article from “Proxy Insight” (pg. 6) indicates that some investors that are considered “passive” may be more on auto-pilot than some would think. Here’s an excerpt from that article:
Looking at Proxy Insight’s ISS Vote Comparator table, for most of these investors this is not a right they often feel compelled to exercise. The majority of them vote 99-100 percent in accordance with ISS. Of course, this correlation makes the investors a reliable source for discerning ISS recommendations.
However, we thought it would be interesting to look at what issues would make auto-voters override the voting recommendations of ISS, providing some insight into the proposals that matter most to these investors. To do this we have taken the ten largest investors by assets under management who vote in accordance with ISS, and analyzed those proposal types where they override most frequently. These include say on pay, the re-/election of directors and auditor ratification.
Say on pay is not only one of the most frequently voted issues for auto-voters, but is also usually near the top (see Table 3) when it comes to the disparity between investor voting and ISS recommendations. This is unsurprising, given that say on pay is one of the most contentious proxy voting topics, which is seemingly never out of the news.
However, as Table 1 illustrates, even on contentious issues auto-voters receive a correlation with ISS that ranges in the high 90s. Moreover, the lower correlation on exclusively ISS against recommendations (Against recs (%)) indicates that the auto-voters are more passive than ISS, overriding the proxy adviser in order to vote with management. Other proposals near the top of the list include the approval of stock option plans and restricted stock plans.
Note that the meaning of “passive” depends on one’s perspective. To some, it’s voting with management. But others could say that breaking with ISS for the say-on-pay vote is the definition of “active” – given the time & effort required for an institutional investor to override a default voting policy.
Conference Hotel Nearly Sold Out: “Pay Ratio Conference”
If you plan to attend in Washington DC (rather than by video webcast), be warned that the Conference Hotel for our “Pay Ratio & Proxy Disclosure Conference” on October 17-18th is nearly sold out. The Conference Hotel is the Washington Hilton, 1919 Connecticut Ave NW, Washington, DC 20009. Reserve your room online or call 202.483.3000 to make your reservations.
Be sure to mention the “Proxy Disclosure Conference” to get a discounted rate. If you have any difficulty securing a room, please contact us at info@compensationstandards.com or 925.685.9271.
ISS Policy Survey: Pay Ratio & More
Yesterday, ISS opened up its “Annual Policy Survey,” which is being undertaken in two parts this year:
1. Governance Principles Survey – Initial, high-level survey on high-profile topics including “one-share, one vote,” pay ratio disclosures, the use of virtual meetings, and board gender diversity. In this survey, ISS is asking companies (i) how they plan to analyze pay ratios and (ii) what is their view on how shareholders should use pay ratio disclosures. This survey closes on August 31st.
2. Policy Application Survey – More expansive portion that can be accessed at the end of the initial portion, allowing respondents to drill down into key issues by market and region as well as by topics such as responsible investment, takeover defenses and director compensation. This survey closes October 6th.
After analysis of the survey responses, ISS will open a comment period for all interested market participants on the final proposed changes to their policies as always…
Next Pay Ratio Webcast: Tune in on Tuesday, August 15th for the second of our monthly pre-conference webcasts on pay ratio: “Pay Ratio Workshop: What You (Really) Need to Do Now.” The speakers for the August 15th webcast are:
– Mark Borges, Principal, Compensia
– Keith Higgins, Partner, Ropes & Gray LLP
– Scott Spector, Partner, Fenwick & West LLP
Recently, Broadridge reported an increase in virtual meetings in 2016 – see this list of who’s holding them. Of 187 virtual meetings, 80% were “virtual-only” – compared to 67% in 2015. And of the 44 companies that held a hybrid meeting in 2015, 12 of them switched to virtual-only in 2016. Just one company switched from virtual-only to hybrid.
We’ve blogged before about opposition to virtual-only meetings – from New York’s Comptroller and from CII – but we’ve also heard from companies that have escaped criticism by proactively discussing the costs & benefits with shareholders.
In response to widespread adoption of proxy access – and the possibility that some companies may be including provisions that impair proxy access utility – CII has updated its “best practices” for implementing these bylaws (originally issued in 2015).
The 8-page chart weighs in on newly-identified provisions, recognizes where CII’s preferences deviate from prevailing market practices, and explains why CII opposes the following provisions:
– Requirements for nominators to hold stock after the annual meeting
– Restrictions on re-nominations
– Limitations on nominees’ third-party compensation arrangements
– Automatic suspension of proxy access for all shareholders in the event of a proxy contest
– Unlimited indemnification requirements on nominating shareholders
Here’s CII’s member-approved policy:
Companies should provide access to management proxy materials for a long term investor or group of long-term investors owning in aggregate at least three percent of a company’s voting stock, to nominate less than a majority of the directors. Eligible investors must have owned the stock for at least two years. Company proxy materials and related mailings should provide equal space and equal treatment of nominations by qualifying investors.
To allow for informed voting decisions, it is essential that investors have full and accurate information about access mechanism users and their director nominees. Therefore, shareowners nominating director candidates under an access mechanism should adhere to the same SEC rules governing disclosure requirements and prohibitions on false and misleading statements that currently apply to proxy contests for board seats.
Transcript: “12 Strange Things in the Securities Laws”
We’ve posted the transcript for our popular webcast: “12 Strange Things in Securities Laws.” Here’s what we covered:
1. The Section 4(a)(3) Dealer’s Exemption
2. Sometimes Rules Don’t Mean What They Say
3. Transactional Registration & Control Securities
4. How Small Non-Executive Officer Shareholders Can Be Section 16 Reporting Persons
5. The Trust Indenture Act – What Is It?
6. The Need to Know Some GAAP
7. “Legal” Insider Trading
8. Tender Offers for Minority Stakes in Private Companies
9. Statutory Underwriters” and “Public Offerings”
10. A Lot of What Goes Into SEC Filings Isn’t Dictated by Rules or Staff Guidance
11. The Case of the Missing Fourth Quarter
12. Federal and State Filing Notice “Requirements”
If we didn’t get to your favorite “strange thing” – drop us a line!
Proxy access “fix-it” proposals – which ask companies with mainstream proxy access bylaws to make them more shareholder-friendly – were prevalent during this proxy season. We don’t expect the trend to go away anytime soon – we’ve already seen two versions of the proposals & a third is now on the map!
Companies have been seeking no-action relief to exclude the proposals as “substantially implemented” – but Corp Fin denied many requests. Now a new “fix-it” proposal has emerged, and was also required to be included in the company proxy statement. Here’s a teaser from Ning Chiu’s blog:
Like the later season proposals, this type also asks that a company amend the restrictions on the size of the nominating group, but this time from 20 shareholders to an unlimited number of shareholders, and without any other proposed revisions.
The SEC staff recently rejected a company’s request for no-action relief on the basis of substantial implementation, after extensive correspondence between the parties involving 5 letters from the issuer and what must be an unprecedented 21 letters from the proponent. The volume of correspondence likely led to the staff’s taking more than three months from receipt of the initial no-action letter to publish a decision.
In other proxy access news, a different company changed its aggregation limit to 50 to negotiate a withdrawal on a similar proposal.
So although the proposals that went to a vote have been averaging less than 30% support among shareholders, they aren’t without risk…
Comments are due this month. If approved by the SEC, parts of the new standard will be effective in 2018.
Name Change: “NYSE MKT” Is Now “NYSE American”
To the delight of “MKT” haters, the NYSE’s previously-announced rebranding to “NYSE American” is now effective, with most of the website now revamped.
The name change was accompanied by other updates designed to facilitate trading in small & mid-cap companies, including expanded trading hours and assignment of an “electronic designated market maker) – with quoting obligations – to each listed security. Hat tip to Goodwin Procter’s John Newell for alerting us to this development!
We’ve blogged many times about the debate over dual-class share structures. Investors have been voicing concern since Snap’s IPO in March.
Last week, FTSE Russell was the first index to announce that it will exclude Snap & other “dual-class” companies that afford minimal voting rights to shareholders – including existing constituents who don’t conform to the new requirements within 5 years. Yesterday, S&P Dow Jones followed suit with an even more sweeping announcement – however, existing constituents are grandfathered in and not affected.
Here’s the nitty-gritty on Russell’s new policy:
– To be listed on FTSE Russell indexes, more than 5% of a company’s voting rights must be held by unrestricted shareholders (as defined by FTSE Russell).
– For potential new constituents, including IPOs, the rule will apply starting with their September semi-annual and quarterly reviews.
– For existing companies, the rule will apply starting September 2022, thus affording a five-year grandfathering period. About 35 companies would need to increase public voting rights to avoid exclusion.
– The rate at which the hurdle is set, along with its definition, will be reviewed in the light of subsequent developments on an annual basis.
– Companies like Facebook & Alphabet – which have multi-class structures but afford more than 5% of voting rights to shareholders – can still be included.
And for S&P’s policy:
– Effective immediately, the S&P Composite 1500 and its component indices – S&P 500, S&P MidCap 400 and S&P SmallCap 600 – will no longer add companies with multiple share class structures.
– Existing index constituents are grandfathered in and are not affected by this change.
– The methodologies of other S&P and Dow Jones branded indices – including S&P Global BMI, S&P Total Market and indices for particular market segments – remain unchanged at this time.
Both indices conducted surveys on this topic a few months ago. Russell’s survey results showed that 68% of responding investors wanted the index to require some minimum threshold for the percentage of voting rights in public hands. Their final rule will be published at the end of this month – and may incorporate additional feedback that Russell receives following its announcement. As noted in this blog, MSCI has made a similar proposal.
If a company is excluded from the indexes, it’s harder – or impossible – for some fund managers to buy its stock. But it appears that many institutional investors favor exclusion – as it aligns with their policies to support “one share, one vote” proposals.
SEC Commissioners: Will Robert Jackson Be Nominated?
John blogged a few weeks back about Hester Peirce being (re-)nominated as a SEC Commissioner. Now it’s rumored that Columbia Professor Robert Jackson would be nominated to fill the open Democrat slot on the SEC’s Commission. I would stress that this is merely a rumor.
Here’s an excerpt from this WSJ article by Andrew Ackerman:
If Mr. Jackson is nominated, Senate lawmakers would likely seek to speed up his confirmation by pairing him with Hester Peirce, a Republican tapped earlier this month to fill another SEC vacancy. Both would join an SEC down to just three members: Democrat Kara Stein, Republican Michael Piwowar, and Jay Clayton, the chairman, who is an independent.
Mr. Jackson has written on securities topics such as executive compensation and corporate governance. In 2014, he helped uncover a flaw with the SEC’s corporate-filing system that allowed hedge funds and other rapid-fire investors to gain access to certain market-moving documents ahead of other users of the system. The SEC pledged to correct the flaw.
A 2015 research paper he co-wrote suggests corporate insiders might trade on material, nonpublic information before their companies are required to publicly report the information. He is also among a group of 10 academics to petition the SEC in 2011 to require public companies to disclose their political-spending activities.
Our August Eminders is Posted!
We’ve posted the August issue of our complimentary monthly email newsletter. Sign up today to receive it by simply inputting your email address!
