According to an SBA press release, the agency has forgiven over $100 billion in PPP loans as of January 12, 2021, and has approved forgiveness for nearly 85% of the applications that it has received. That’s great, but what should you do if your client is in the other 15%? This Dorsey & Whitney memo says that a borrower’s only recourse is the SBA appeals process, and this excerpt says that it should expect an uphill battle:
The only appeal process allowed by law is set out in the SBA regulations found at 13 CFR § 134.1204, et seq. The decision on the appeal will be made by an administrative law judge (ALJ) who will review the petition filed by the borrower, the response of the SBA, and the “record,” that is the documentation submitted by the borrower and the SBA. However, in order to obtain a reversal of the denial of loan forgiveness, the borrower must convince the ALJ that “the SBA loan review decision was based on clear error of fact or law.” 13 CFR § 134.1212.
That is very difficult to prove because courts have ruled that “clear error of fact or law” means that “although there is evidence to support [the decision], the [administrative law judge] . . . is left with the definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been committed.” Concrete Pipe & Prods. of California, Inc. v. Constr. Laborers Pension Tr. for S. California, 508 U.S. 602, 622, 113 S. Ct. 2264, 124 L. Ed. 2d 539 (1993); see also, PGBA, LLC v. United States, 389 F.3d 1219, 1224 (Fed. Cir. 2004). All of that means that thorough preparation and diligent prosecution of the appeal is absolutely necessary.
The memo reviews the appeals process, including deadlines and the matters that must be addressed in an appeal petition. The most important part of the process to keep in mind is that deadlines are very tight – an appeal must be perfected within 30 days of the SBA’s final decision on forgiveness, and it is applied rigidly. That means that even if a company expects that its forgiveness application will be approved, it needs to prepare to move quickly in case it receives an unpleasant surprise.
PPP Loans: Unforgiven? You May Be Eligible for a Tax Credit
If your client is not successful in obtaining loan forgiveness from the SBA, all is not lost! The IRS says that it may be eligible for a consolation prize in the form of a tax credit:
Under section 206(c) of the Taxpayer Certainty and Disaster Tax Relief Act of 2020, an employer that is eligible for the employee retention credit (ERC) can claim the ERC even if the employer has received a Small Business Interruption Loan under the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP). The eligible employer can claim the ERC on any qualified wages that are not counted as payroll costs in obtaining PPP loan forgiveness. Any wages that could count toward eligibility for the ERC or PPP loan forgiveness can be applied to either of these two programs, but not both.
If you received a PPP loan and included wages paid in the 2nd and/or 3rd quarter of 2020 as payroll costs in support of an application to obtain forgiveness of the loan (rather than claiming ERC for those wages), and your request for forgiveness was denied, you can claim the ERC related to those qualified wages on your 4th quarter 2020 Form 941, Employer’s Quarterly Federal Tax Return.
This recent “Accounting Today” article provides additional details on the tax credit, which is limited to the 4th quarter of 2020.
PPP Loans: Fraudulent? Now You’re REALLY Unforgiven
The DOJ recently announced its first civil fraud settlement associated with a PPP loan. The case involved a company called Slidebelts & its CEO Brigham Taylor, and centered on allegations that the company falsely represented that wasn’t bankrupt on PPP loan applications. Here’s an excerpt from this Troutman Pepper memo that describes the terms of the settlement:
The settlement agreement states that Slidebelts and Taylor are liable to the United States for nearly $4.2 million in damages and penalties for violating the Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989 (FIRREA) and the False Claims Act. Because of the compromised financial condition of Slidebelts and Taylor, DOJ agreed to accept a settlement amount of $100,000 in exchange for releasing Slidebelts and Taylor from liability for these civil claims. The settlement agreement did not, however, release Slidebelts and Taylor from any liability under the Internal Revenue Code, criminal liability, or any other administrative liability or enforcement right not specifically released in the agreement.
The memo points out that DOJ can seek maximum penalties of approximately $2 million per violation under FIRREA and $23,000 per violation, plus triple damages, under the FCA. What’s more, both incentivize whistleblower actions. That means that borrowers need to monitor compliance closely and ensure that their internal reporting system addresses potential violations of PPP loan requirements.
Whenever a new disclosure requirement becomes effective, one of the first things people ask is – “what are other companies doing to comply with it?” This Willis Towers Watson memo provides some insight into that by reviewing the content of early 10-K filings containing human capital management disclosure. The memo’s analysis breaks down the disclosures into two categories – descriptions of human capital resources & initiatives and disclosure of data reflecting human capital metrics. Here’s an excerpt on what companies are saying about their resources & initiatives:
Most companies included the descriptions “employee development and training” and “diversity initiatives and strategies.” This is not surprising given the societal focus on these issues during 2020. A cursory review of larger companies in our sample indicates these disclosures were leveraged from existing public statements, such as proxies and environmental, social and governance (ESG) reports.
Among the companies disclosing diversity initiatives and strategies as descriptions, two thirds enhanced their disclosure with representation metrics. Only a handful of companies disclosed concrete gender and racial diversity goals (e.g., increase the representation of both women and ethnically diverse talent by at least one percentage point year over year). We expect that more companies will continue to enhance their internal reporting processes and develop and publicize actual goals in these areas; therefore, an uptick in their prevalence as metrics disclosed in future filings is likely.
Almost every disclosure also included at least one human capital metric. Workforce profiles were the most common of these, with the total number of employees disclosed being most prevalent metric. Information about the total number of employees appeared in 94% of filings. That isn’t surprising, since that kind of disclosure was previously required in 10-K filings.
What is a little surprising is that this was the only metric to appear in a majority of the 10-K filings reviewed. Gender representation and diversity & inclusion were the next most popular metrics, and appeared in 44% and 38% of filings, respectively. Other metrics discussed in some filings included union representation, training, and employee turnover or retention rates.
Human Capital Management Disclosure: What Do Investors Want?
As companies work through how to comply with the SEC’s new “principles based” human capital disclosure requirement, they also may want to consider this recent FEI article, which says that investors are looking for companies to address three things:
As we approach the Q4 2020 earnings cycle and 2021 proxy season, investors will be focused on three specific aspects of HCM: 1) employee health and safety amid the precipitous increase in COVID-19 cases; 2) diversity and inclusion given a spate of decrees, proposals and actions by the State of California, ISS, NASDAQ, Business Roundtable and OneTen; and 3) training and development amid the acceleration of Industry 4.0, IoT, digital, and automation.
The article recommends specific actions that companies should take in preparing to satisfy their new disclosure obligations. These include ensuring that a board committee (typically the Comp Committee or a dedicated ESG Committee, if one exists) oversees human capital management, evaluating its processes & systems for monitoring and updating publicly disclosed human capital metrics, and assessing whether those metrics are still the most relevant for managing the business and changing or updating them as needed.
Audit Committees: Financial Reporting Disclosure & Control Tips
Just in time for everybody’s upcoming round of audit committee meetings, here’s a Weil memo with 21 tips for audit committees drawn from recent SEC rule changes, guidance, enforcement cases and Staff comment letters. Now, you might be tempted to write off a memo promising “tips” as likely to be pretty facile, but that would be a big mistake with this one – it’s a 21-page deep dive that’s definitely worth spending some time with on your own & sharing with your audit committee.
During the initial lockdown last spring, my wife & I became enamored with bird watching. We hung several different feeders in our back yard and spent a lot of time on our porch watching all sorts of cool birds. Yes, we party hard here in the Cleveland suburbs!
Anyway, we’ve attracted a real menagerie. We’ve kept the feeding going during the winter & have seen some new arrivals, all of which were more than welcome – that is, until the European starlings showed up. I’ve quickly learned to hate these guys. They travel in large flocks, poop everywhere and bully all the other birds off the feeders. We’re trying to get rid of them, but it looks like it’s going to take some effort.
Nobody invited the starlings to the party, and now they’re why the other birds can’t have nice things. Their presence at our bird feeders made me think of last week’s stock market shenanigans involving GameStop, AMC and a handful of other “stonks.” My annoyance at this situation is similar to my annoyance with the starlings in my back yard. After all, nobody invited people who treat the stock market like a casino to the party, and they’re a big reason why a lot of companies & stakeholders can’t have nice things.
The only thing is, like a lot of other people, I’m not exactly sure who the starlings are in this scenario. Are they the “Eat the Rich” crowd from Reddit – or are they the billion dollar hedge funds that publicly paraded their short positions & ended up being taken down by the Internet’s sans-culottes? Maybe the starlings are the trading apps, the clunky way Wall Street clears trades, or even Donald Trump supporters? Perhaps the answer is “all of the above.”
It’s going to take me a while to sort this out in my own head. Based on the recent joint statement that the SEC commissioners issued on the situation, it looks like it’s going to take the agency some time as well. This whole thing is far from simple – check out this NYT article to get a sense of the challenges that the SEC faces here. So for now, I guess all we can do is just sit back & enjoy the memes and the free chicken tenders.
SEC Makes Some Interesting Appointments
The SEC announced yesterday that HLS professor John Coates has been appointed to serve as Acting Director of Corp Fin. It’s an interesting appointment – the head of Corp Fin has traditionally been a practitioner, while Coates is a long-time academic. Of course, he’s also a former Wachtell M&A lawyer, so it’s not like he doesn’t know his way around a deal.
The SEC also announced the appointment of Satyam Khanna as Senior Policy Advisor for Climate and ESG. Khanna previously served as counsel to former commissioner Robert Jackson. In his new role, Khanna will “advise the agency on environmental, social, and governance matters and advance related new initiatives across its offices and divisions.” His appointment is another signal that ESG issues and rulemaking projects are likely to feature prominently on the SEC’s agenda.
Transcript: “Streamlined MD&A and Financial Disclosures – Early Considerations”
We have posted the transcript for the recent webcast – “Streamlined MD&A and Financial Disclosures: Early Considerations.”
Last week, the World Economic Forum announced that 61 companies signed-on the organization’s “Stakeholder Capitalism Metrics,” a set of ESG metrics and disclosures that measure long-term enterprise value creation for corporate stakeholders. The metrics are intended to serve as “a set of universal, comparable disclosures focused on people, planet, prosperity and governance that companies can report on, regardless of industry or region.” This excerpt from the WEF’s announcement provides more details:
The Stakeholder Capitalism Metrics, drawn from existing voluntary standards, offer a core set of 21 universal, comparable disclosures focused on people, planet, prosperity and principles of governance that are considered most critical for business, society and the planet, and that companies can report on regardless of industry or region. They strengthen the ability of companies and investors to benchmark progress on sustainability matters, thereby improving decision-making and enhancing transparency and accountability regarding the shared and sustainable value companies create.
The Stakeholder Capitalism Metrics document is 97 pages long, and contains plenty of the kind of pious, self-congratulatory corporate gobbledygook you’d expect to find in something like this. However, the core metrics are summarized in a three page chart beginning on page 8 of the document – and a review of that chart should give you a pretty good handle on them.
Companies that have signed on to the core metrics include Dow, Unilever, Nestlé, Bank of America, Credit Suisse, Sony & all of the Big 4 accounting firms (which helped develop the metrics). The signatories have committed to reflect the core metrics in their corporate reporting and to publicly support the effort to develop uniform ESG metrics.
We’ve previously blogged about the growing demand among investors and other constituencies for standardized sustainability disclosures, and this announcement represents a milestone in that process. Now, we’ll have to see what these disclosures look like and whether the WEF’s metrics continue to gain traction.
Tomorrow’s Webcast: “Shareholder Proponents Speak: 14a-8 Fallout & Other Initiatives”
Tune in tomorrow for the webcast – “Shareholder Proponents Speak: 14a-8 Fallout & Other Initiatives” – to hear As You Sow’s Andy Behar, Trillium Asset Management’s Jonas Kron, CorpGov.net’s Jim McRitchie, and the NYC Comptroller’s Yumi Narita discuss what changes they expect in light of the recent changes to Rule 14a-8 and other initiatives on the horizon.
Our February E-Minders is Posted
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There are few topics that make my eyes glaze over more quickly than anything related to XBRL. But in a recent FEI article, former SEC Chief Accountant Wes Bricker says that companies and audit committees need to pay closer attention to the quality of their efforts to comply with XBRL tagging requirements:
While more regulators have been requiring XBRL in recent years, its use hasn’t been without challenges: for instance, errors, inconsistent tagging of the same information across companies or mis-tagging tags are ongoing issues. And there are even technology companies that have emerged over the past few years that mine XBRL-public filings, remedy the problematic data and then sell the corrected data back to those that use XBRL data (including back to companies themselves).
While any errors in financial reporting or other processes is cause for concern across the market because of its corrosive impact on confidence over time, with XBRL errors there’s also a potential corrosive effect for individual companies, such as potential negative impacts to stock price, credit ratings, and even reputation.
The article notes that errors are difficult to scrub from the Internet, even following a corrective amendment – and the consequences can be significant. Reporting errors caused by XBRL issues could pose reputational risks, which can be compounded if tagging inaccuracies are overlooked and carried forward into future periods. Faulty XBRL data also could bring about errors in rating agencies’ models – which in a worst case scenario could result in a lower credit rating and higher borrowing costs.
Despite these stakes, the XBRL tagging error rate is high. According to this Toppan Merrill blog discussing the article, 34% of September 10-K & 10-Q filings reportedly contained tagging errors. That blog also points filers to the US XBRL Data Quality Committee’s website, which provides a free service permitting companies to check their filings.
Wes Bricker’s article recommends actions that companies and audit committees should take to enhance the XBRL process, including enhanced education and training of staff in corporate accounting, finance, treasury, and investor relations. The article didn’t mention the need to loop in the legal department or outside counsel – which is good, because my eyes glazed over about three paragraphs ago. But as Liz blogged last month, if SEC commissioner Allison Herron Lee gets her way, we all may have to force ourselves to pay closer attention to XBRL tagging issues.
Insider Trading: Capitalizing On Cyber Breaches
In a recent Institutional Investor article, the authors of a new study suggest that there’s been quite a bit of insider trading during the period immediately following a breach. The study looked at options trading during the period between the time a cyber attack was experienced and when it was disclosed – and it reached some interesting conclusions:
We observed bearish call and hedging put strategies increasing prior to the official breach announcements. These effects were most significant for out-of-the-money, at-the-money, and in-the-money put options, which typically have the highest liquidity. Additionally, we found a spike in investors buying insurance against a stock crashing right before that company told the world it had been hacked.
An increase in deep out-of-the-money trades indicates that informed investors expect negative news in the future. We also saw that the options trading activity before a firm’s breach disclosure was related to the negative abnormal stock returns the firm experienced after the disclosure. Thus the pre-disclosure trading activity was consistent with informed investors profiting from or buying insurance against a stock crashing right before the company told the world it had been hacked.
The good news is that the authors found that the amount of potential insider trading around cyber breaches has declined over the past decade, which they attribute to increased scrutiny of breaches and greater awareness of trading around them before official announcements.
Private Offering Simplification Rules: We Have An Effective Date
The SEC’s recent amendments simplifying the regulation of private offerings were published in the Federal Register yesterday, and will become effective on March 15, 2021. We’ve just scheduled a webcast for February 17th to help you get up to speed on the new regime. Be sure to tune in!
Last week’s attack on the Capitol – I still can’t believe I’m writing those words – has prompted many companies to hit pause on their political contributions. Initially, corporate donors targeted Republican lawmakers who objected to the certification of President-Elect Biden’s victory, but many have at least temporarily halted all political contributions.
Critics have suggested that these actions are merely symbolic, and that companies will jump back into the political game once the news cycle moves on to something else. I have no doubt that they’ll be back, but it’s just possible that last week’s attack may represent a turning point when it comes to how companies approach political spending. Why? Well, this pause isn’t occurring in a vacuum, and it may help accelerate some existing and emerging trends:
– Institutional investors and companies are under increasing pressure to align their political spending with their stated priorities & to disclose more information about that spending. Ironically, on the day of the attack, Liz’s lead blog was all about BlackRock’s efforts to urge greater transparency among the companies in which it invests when it comes to corporate political activities.
– The results of the latest CPA-Zicklin survey indicate that companies themselves are continuing to become more transparent about & accountable for their political spending.
– Activist investors increasingly look for ESG hooks to expand their base of investor support for their campaigns. In an increasingly divided and volatile environment, a company’s political spending may prove to be low hanging fruit for activists.
It also looks like political spending disclosure will be a priority issue for the SEC under the Biden Administration. The SEC will need a little help from Congress if the agency intends to act on disclosure rules. As I blogged last month, Congress recently continued the bipartisan tradition of stealthily prohibiting the SEC from using any of its funding to adopt political spending disclosure rules.
Why Don’t Ex-SEC Enforcement Lawyers Join the Plaintiffs’ Bar?
This week’s announcements of the departure of the SEC’s Chief Accountant & its Acting Director of Enforcement are a reminder that a change in presidential administrations always results in an exodus of senior SEC Staff to positions in the private sector. The SEC’s senior accountants usually find their way to the Big 4 in some capacity, while many former SEC enforcement lawyers end up with positions in private law firms. However, few former SEC lawyers opt to work for firms on the plaintiffs’ side, despite the potentially lucrative nature of that work.
Michele Leder (aka footnoted.com) recently tweeted about a study that explores why that’s the case. This ProMarket blog from the study’s author suggests that the reasons are likely more complex than the simplistic “quid pro quo” explanation that usually has been put forth by academics:
While traditional academic analysis of the “revolving door” focuses on evidence of a material quid pro quo — for instance, an enforcement attorney who receives an offer of lucrative private sector employment in exchange for going “easy” on that target while she’s in government — more recent work has acknowledged that government officials may come to internalize industry preferences as a result of softer mechanisms and influences.
The rapidly revolving door between the SEC and the defense bar, and the close contact SEC attorneys have with defense-side attorneys throughout investigations and enforcement actions, give SEC attorneys ample exposure to the defense bar’s characteristic skepticism and hostility towards securities class actions and the lawyers who pursue those cases. By contrast, SEC attorneys are unlikely to have any direct contact with plaintiffs’ attorneys, even when there is a parallel private lawsuit against a company they are pursuing.
Interestingly, there is one area on the plaintiffs’ side that former SEC enforcement lawyers have apparently embraced – representing whistleblowers. The blog notes that whistleblower cases differ from traditional plaintiffs’ work in that they are oriented around the SEC itself, and permit former Staff members to leverage their unique government expertise and connections for a competitive advantage.
Yesterday, I blogged about the effective date & mandatory compliance date for the SEC’s new MD&A and financial disclosure rules. Unfortunately, there appears to be a bit of confusion within the U.S. government about when companies will be required to comply with the new rules. The version of the adopting release for the rules published in the Federal Register (p. 2109) says that the mandatory compliance date is August 9, 2021, while the updated version at the SEC’s website (p. 104) says the compliance date is September 8, 2021.
The version originally published by the SEC said that the mandatory compliance date would be 210 days after publication of the rules in the Federal Register, which gets you to August 9th. The September 8th date is 210 days after the effective date of the rules. Well, at least we have some time to sort this out – although I think the Federal Register version controls.
Update: August 9th it is! The SEC has revised the version of the adopting release on its website to conform to the Federal Register.
SEC Solicits Comment on NYSE Shareholder Approval Proposal
Last month, the NYSE submitted proposed amendments to its shareholder approval rules. On December 28th, the SEC issued a notice soliciting public comment on the proposed rule change. Here’s the intro from this Mayer Brown blog:
On December 16, 2020, the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) filed a proposed rule change to certain of its shareholder approval requirements, which would bring the NYSE’s shareholder approval rules into closer alignment with those of Nasdaq. Last year, the NYSE temporarily waived certain requirements under Section 312 in order to provide listed companies with greater flexibility to raise capital during the COVID-19 crisis (the NYSE has proposed to extend these temporary waivers through March 31, 2021). The NYSE’s proposed rule change includes amendments that are identical to such waivers.
The blog also provides details on other aspects of the rule proposal. The NYSE’s temporary waiver of certain requirements under Section 312 was initially issued back in April 2020. It was originally scheduled to expire in June 2020, but was subsequently extended to the end of the year & recently extended again until March 31, 2021. The comment period on the rule proposal expires 21 days after publication of the notice in the Federal Register – or maybe September 8th, I don’t know. . .
Tomorrow’s Webcast: Glass Lewis Dialogue – Forecast for the 2021 Proxy Season
Tune in tomorrow for the webcast – “Glass Lewis Dialogue: Forecast for the 2021 Proxy Season” – to hear Courteney Keatinge of Glass Lewis, Ning Chiu of Davis Polk and Bob Lamm of Gunster discuss what to expect with the new proxy adviser rules, investors’ focus on diversity and other ESG issues, virtual meetings and other pandemic-related developments.
Earlier this week over on “The Proxy Season Blog”, Liz blogged about State Street’s efforts to ratchet up the pressure on boards to address diversity issues, which makes this webcast even more timely!
The calendar says it’s 2021, but the distressing events in Washington last week suggest that the 2020 dumpster fire continues to rage on unabated. This Bryan Cave blog says that as much as we’d all like to put 2020 in the rear-view mirror, boards should factor the year’s lessons into the topics they discuss during upcoming board evaluations. Here are some suggested supplemental discussion topics prepared with the annus horribilis in mind:
– All board members have sufficient technology capabilities, IT infrastructure and cybersecurity protections to effectively access board materials, prepare for and participate in board meetings in the virtual environment.
– Board members pay sufficient attention to environmental and social consequences and potential risks resulting from the company’s activities.
– Board members are able to clearly and effectively communicate with each other and with management in the virtual environment, enabling them to fulfill their responsibilities and make rapid and significant decisions during the COVID-19 pandemic.
– All board members, regardless of their gender, race or ethnicity, feel that their voices are heard and their contributions are respected and valued.
The blog suggests several additional topics for consideration in the self-evaluation process. It says that expanding the process to cover these topics will assist boards in learning from the events of 2020 & in taking appropriate actions to adapt to the pandemic and address the other areas of heightened investor concern that arose last year.
SEC Enforcement: Ripple’s “Takin’ It To The Tweets. . .”
I think the last time I blogged about the fraught relationship between the crypto folks & SEC Enforcement, I reviewed how Kik Interactive got clobbered by a federal judge after it actively courted an enforcement proceeding. Daring the SEC to bring an enforcement action is something that I have a hard time understanding, but then again, I have a hard time understanding quite a few things about the digital asset evangelists.
The latest situation to befuddle me involves Ripple Labs, which recently found itself the target of the customary SEC enforcement action alleging that its $1.3 billion unregistered offering of digital assets violated Section 5 of the Securities Act. Being crypto folks, Ripple’s management went out and did a very crypto thing in response to the SEC’s allegations. Instead of just issuing the standard press release indicating that the company intended to vigorously contest the SEC’s claims, Ripple opted to take to social media, where its CEO Brad Garlinghouse posted a 10 tweet thread addressing “5 key questions” raised by the proceeding. Not to be outdone, Ripple’s GC weighed-in with a brief thread of his own addressing the lawsuit.
Admittedly, this isn’t functionally all that much different from addressing a major piece of litigation or an SEC enforcement action in an investor call. But one of the benefits of the more traditional approach is that you avoid the baggage that comes along with the “rage as a service” platform known as Twitter – such as being on the receiving end of a grenade like this in your mentions:
Ouch! That’ll leave a mark.
MD&A & Financial Disclosures: Effective Date of the New Rules
One of our members pointed out in our Q&A Forum that the SEC’s amendments to the MD&A and financial disclosure rules were published in the Federal Register on Monday. The rules will be effective February 10, 2021 – and early compliance is permitted for filings made after that date, so long as the company provides disclosure responsive to an amended item in its entirety. However, companies are not required to comply with the new rules until the first fiscal year ending on or after August 9, 2021 (210 days after the Federal Register publication date).
Since the clock is now ticking, be sure to check out today’s webcast on the new rules!
Remember when I blogged that the Playboy Enterprises deal was “peak SPAC”? Upon further review, I think I made a bad call. On Friday, Bloomberg’s Eric Balchunas tweeted about a Form S-1 filing by a SPAC called “LMF Acquisition Opportunities, Inc,” which I think beats Playboy pretty handily. What makes this deal stand out? Well, the cover page of the prospectus discloses that the Nasdaq trading symbol for the company’s Class A Common Stock is “LMAO.” A quick perusal of the filing indicates that the company is looking to raise $75 million. I guess if it does, then it will be in a position to LMAO all the way to the bank. If that isn’t peak SPAC, I don’t know what is.
While we’re on the topic of “peak SPAC,” a recent WSJ opinion piece suggests that the “SPAC bubble” may soon burst – and that this would be a good thing for investors. This excerpt explains why:
We studied SPACs that completed mergers between January 2019 and June 2020 and found that, on average, they lost 12% of their value within six months following the merger, while the Nasdaq rose roughly 30%. Even with these drops in share price, the 20% that the sponsor gets essentially for free provides a nice return on its investment. The sponsors of these SPACs enjoyed a return on investment of more than 500% as of the end of 2020.
LMAO indeed!
IPOs: The Outlook for 2021
Baker McKenzie recently issued its 2020 IPO Report, which discusses the current year’s activity & the trends to watch for in 2021. Peak SPAC or not, it looks like SPAC deals will continue to feature prominently in the mix – at until things return to a more normal environment:
In looking at what 2021 holds for the IPO markets, the economic outlook will largely hinge on the distribution of a vaccine to COVID-19, heralding the official beginning of a return to “normalcy” and the full return of consumer confidence. As businesses successfully re-engineer their financial statements to an economic environment of recovery, we can expect to see capital raises for businesses to start expanding and investing in their growth and development, leading to a ripple effect of economic activity.
Until then, we will likely continue to see a proliferation of Special Purpose Acquisition Companies (SPACs) as well as businesses continuing to access the capital markets in conventional ways with going public, given that there remains a huge amount of dry powder in the private equity markets.
SPACs have historically been met with skepticism by the market and investors alike, but improved regulatory requirements and a number of recent high profile and successful acquisitions have helped to build the interest and momentum behind one of this year’s biggest trends. While these regulatory requirements vary across geographies, the more risk-averse framework in the US is one of the primary reasons that almost all SPAC activity takes place in New York.
The report notes that SPAC deals drove a huge increase in US domestic IPO activity during 2020, and points out that continuing tensions between the U.S. and China and the recent enactment of the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act has led to a number of jurisdictions, Hong Kong and London in particular, planning and introducing regulatory changes on stock exchanges in an effort to lure China-based listings away from the U.S. markets.
Tomorrow’s Webcast: “Streamlined MD&A and Financial Disclosures – Early Considerations”
Tune in tomorrow for the webcast – “Streamlined MD&A and Financial Disclosures: Early Considerations” – to hear our own Dave Lynn of Morrison & Foerster, Bryan Brown of Jones Day, Lyuba Goltser of Weil, Gotshal & Manges and John Newell of Goodwin Procter discuss the newly amended MD&A and financial disclosure rules and the benefits and drawbacks of voluntary early compliance.
In addition to allocating another $35 billion in funding for new Paycheck Protection Plan borrowers, the Covid-19 stimulus legislation also contains good news for existing borrowers. My law firm colleague Brent Pietrafese tipped me off to the fact that the legislation reverses the IRS’s position on the tax deductibility of expenses paid with the proceeds of PPP loans. This excerpt from this Forbes article on the bill’s changes to the PPP program summarizes the new approach to deductibility:
Ever since the IRS published Notice 2020-32, borrowers and tax professionals alike have put their faith in Congress to overrule the Service and provide a double benefit: tax-free forgiveness of loan proceeds AND deductible expenses paid with PPP funds. Section 276 of Division N of the latest bill does just that, providing that “no deduction shall be denied or reduced, no tax attribute shall be reduced, and no basis increase shall be denied, by reason of the exclusion from gross income.” Importantly, this rule applies to ALL borrowers; even those who have already applied for forgiveness. Thus, expenses paid with PPP funds are now completely deductible.
The legislation makes a number of additional changes to the program, including expanding the categories of expenses for which PPP loan proceeds may be used, streamlines the forgiveness process for loans under $150,000, and creates the possibility of a second round of financing for certain borrowers that have fully extinguished their prior PPP loans. Like everything else about this program, the provisions in the stimulus bill are controversial. We’ll be posting memos in our “Covid-19 Issues” Practice Area.
ESG Meets AMDG: The Council for Inclusive Capitalism
The NYT DealBook had a recent story about the Vatican’s new initiative with an international group of private sector, governmental & NGO leaders. Called “The Council for Inclusive Capitalism,” the group was formed in response to Pope Francis’s challenge to “build inclusive and sustainable economies and societies.” The DealBook article notes that the group’s members represent $2.1 trillion in market cap and 200 million employees, and that, with the Pope’s blessing, they’ve made pledges toward achieving “environmental and sustainable-business goals that fit into the E.S.G. movement.”
I’m pretty cynical about this kind of thing, and I’d ordinarily conclude that an initiative like this would likely involve more spin than substance. But my money’s on the Pope here, if only because I’m not sure that these folks fully realize with whom they’re dealing. You see, Pope Francis is a member of the Society of Jesus – better known as the Jesuits – and I’m very familiar with the capabilities of that particular organization.
I spent nearly a decade as a student at a Jesuit high school and a Jesuit college. Over the ensuing years, I’ve been very impressed at how adept these guys are at extracting financial & other commitments from a wide variety of sources in support of their projects. You don’t have to take my word for it – just ask the family who owns everybody’s favorite supermarket about my own high school’s powers of persuasion.
Over the past 500 years, the Jesuits have educated everybody from Rene Descartes to Stephen Colbert. As a result, they’ve become highly skilled at cozying up to the upper crust in order to put the bite on prevail upon them for assistance in doing “the Lord’s work.” And as this anecdote from a 2013 Guardian article illustrates, they have a reputation for getting things done:
An old joke tells of a Franciscan, a Dominican and a Jesuit who are arrested during the Russian revolution for spreading the Christian, capitalist gospel, and thrown into a dark prison cell. In a bid to restore the light, each man reflects on the traditions of his own order. The Franciscan decides to wear sackcloth and ashes and pray for light. Nothing happens. The Dominican prepares and delivers an hour-long lecture on the virtue of light. Nothing happens. Then the Jesuit gets up and mends the fuse. The light comes on.
As the payoff suggests, the Society of Jesus has always been known for practicality and unflappability in the service of its motto: Ad Maiorem Dei Gloriam (for the greater glory of God) [AMDG]. Equally well known is the Jesuits’ reputation as educators – giving rise to the adage: “Give me a child of seven, and I will show you the man.”
My guess is that during his 55 years as a Jesuit, some of this probably rubbed off on the Pope. So, if any of these companies or investors signed on to this project thinking they could commit to some ESG softballs in exchange for a “green sheen” & a photo op at the Vatican, they may be in for a bit of a surprise from the Pontiff (with whom they’ll meet on an annual basis). That’s because the Jesuits’ reputation as disciplinarians is also pretty formidable. “AMDG” isn’t the only acronym associated with the Jesuits – just ask any Jesuit high school student or alum what “JUG” is all about.
By the way, the Catholic Church isn’t the only religious group that’s decided to get in the ESG game – the Church of England is playing too, and as the English might put it, they’re “throwing a bit of stick about.“
Jay Clayton Signs Off
SEC Chair Jay Clayton issued a statement announcing that yesterday would be his final day in his position. He had previously announced that he’d leave his post by the end of the year, but somehow it seems fitting that the news came on the same day that commissioners Crenshaw and Lee issued a statement dissenting from the SEC’s approval of the NYSE’s direct listings proposal.
This is my final blog for the year, and I want to close by wishing a Merry Christmas to everyone celebrating the holiday, and a healthy & prosperous 2021 to all of our readers! This has been a very tough year for everyone, and while there are likely to be more difficult days ahead, there is also reason to believe that next year will be better. So, keep your chin up & thanks for reading!
